Autoclave Emissions—Hazardous or Not

Hadar, Julia; Tirosh, Tsvi; Grafstein, O.; Korabelnikov, Evgeny

doi:10.1177/109135059700200309

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…mercury lead, arsenic, cadmium), dioxins and furans (Hossain, 2011). Hadar et al (1997) reported that a number of volatile organic compounds are released at low levels during sterilization. For most volatile organic compounds, these concentrations do not constitute an acute health hazard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of healthcare waste treatment/disposal alternatives by using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Özkan

2013

Waste Manag Res

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Healthcare waste should be managed carefully because of infected, pathological, etc. content especially in developing countries. Applied management systems must be the most appropriate solution from a technical, environmental, economic and social point of view. The main objective of this study was to analyse the current status of healthcare waste management in Turkey, and to investigate the most appropriate treatment/disposal option by using different decision-making techniques. For this purpose, five different healthcare waste treatment/disposal alternatives including incineration, microwaving, on-site sterilization, off-site sterilization and landfill were evaluated according to two multi-criteria decision-making techniques: analytic network process (ANP) and ELECTRE. In this context, benefits, costs and risks for the alternatives were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the prioritization and ranking of the alternatives were determined and compared for both methods. According to the comparisons, the off-site sterilization technique was found to be the most appropriate solution in both cases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of healthcare waste treatment/disposal alternatives by using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Özkan

2013

Waste Manag Res

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“…Growing the malaria parasite in blood cultures forms congealed clumps, and so there was concern that the typical bleach solution may not penetrate enough to maintain an acceptable level of efficacy and cannot be autoclaved because of the release of toxic fumes. 10 While operating at the BSL-2 level, the team devised a protocol to continue decontaminating all blood culture waste with bleach but treat it as chemical waste and decontaminate the containment vessel at the facility exit. When the facility is used at the ACL-3 level in the future, the team plans to validate a new decontamination procedure using an antiseptic iodine solution within the BSC followed by steam sterilization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from the Design, Construction, and Commissioning of a Retrofitted Arthropod Containment Level 3 Insectary

Lauer

Kelly

Dettmann

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Arthropods are vectors for many pathogens that significantly harm human and animal health globally, and research into vector-borne diseases is of critical public health importance. Arthropods present unique risks for containment, and therefore insectary facilities are essential to the safe handling of arthropod-borne hazards. In 2018, the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University (ASU) began the process to build a level 3 arthropod containment (ACL-3) facility. Even with the COVID-19 pandemic, it took more than 4 years for the insectary to be granted a Certificate of Occupancy. At the request of the ASU Environmental Health and Safety team, Gryphon Scientific, an independent team with biosafety and biological research expertise, studied the project lifecycle through the design, construction, and commissioning of the ACL-3 facility with the goal of identifying lessons learned from the delayed timeline. These lessons learned convey insight into best practices for assessing potential facility sites, anticipating challenges with retrofitted construction, preparing for commissioning, equipping the project team with necessary expertise and expectations, and supplementing the gaps in available containment guidance. Several unique mitigations designed by the ASU team to address research risks not specifically addressed in the American Committee of Medical Entomology Arthropod Containment Guidelines are also described. Completion of the ACL-3 insectary at ASU was delayed, but the team thoroughly assessed potential risks and enabled appropriate practices for the safe handling of arthropod vectors. These efforts will enhance future ACL-3 construction by helping to avoid similar setbacks and streamlining progress from concept to operation.

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“…Separate experiments (data not shown) showed weak growth on agar alone without the nitrocellulose membrane. The decomposition of agar ingredients (water-soluble polysaccharide) during sterilization could provide carbon and nitrogen sources for spore germination [ 89 , 90 ], enabling this low level of growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological growth pattern of Phanerochaete chrysosporium cultivated on different Miscanthus x giganteus biomass fractions

et al. 2021

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Background Solid-state fermentation is a fungal culture technique used to produce compounds and products of industrial interest. The growth behaviour of filamentous fungi on solid media is challenging to study due to the intermixity of the substrate and the growing organism. Several strategies are available to measure indirectly the fungal biomass during the fermentation such as following the biochemical production of mycelium-specific components or microscopic observation. The microscopic observation of the development of the mycelium, on lignocellulosic substrate, has not been reported. In this study, we set up an experimental protocol based on microscopy and image processing through which we investigated the growth pattern of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on different Miscanthus x giganteus biomass fractions. Results Object coalescence, the occupied surface area, and radial expansion of the colony were measured in time. The substrate was sterilized by autoclaving, which could be considered a type of pre-treatment. The fastest growth rate was measured on the unfractionated biomass, followed by the soluble fraction of the biomass, then the residual solid fractions. The growth rate on the different fractions of the substrate was additive, suggesting that both the solid and soluble fractions were used by the fungus. Based on the FTIR analysis, there were differences in composition between the solid and soluble fractions of the substrate, but the main components for growth were always present. We propose using this novel method for measuring the very initial fungal growth by following the variation of the number of objects over time. Once growth is established, the growth can be followed by measurement of the occupied surface by the mycelium. Conclusion Our data showed that the growth was affected from the very beginning by the nature of the substrate. The most extensive colonization of the surface was observed with the unfractionated substrate containing both soluble and solid components. The methodology was practical and may be applied to investigate the growth of other fungi, including the influence of environmental parameters on the fungal growth.

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Autoclave Emissions—Hazardous or Not

Abstract: Autoclaves used for sterilization and decontamination of biological materials operate at temperatures of 121°C or higher.

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Evaluation of healthcare waste treatment/disposal alternatives by using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Evaluation of healthcare waste treatment/disposal alternatives by using multi-criteria decision-making techniques

Lessons Learned from the Design, Construction, and Commissioning of a Retrofitted Arthropod Containment Level 3 Insectary

Morphological growth pattern of Phanerochaete chrysosporium cultivated on different Miscanthus x giganteus biomass fractions

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