Although transforming growth factor beta (
TGF
‐β) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of many cancers, its role in renal cancer has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we examined the role of
TGF
‐β in clear cell renal carcinoma (cc
RCC
) progression in vitro and in vivo. First, expression levels of
TGF
‐β signaling pathway components were examined. Microarray and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the expression of c‐Ski, a transcriptional corepressor of Smad‐dependent TGF‐β and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, was higher in cc
RCC
tissues than in normal renal tissues. Next, a functional analysis of c‐Ski effects was carried out. Bioluminescence imaging of renal orthotopic tumor models demonstrated that overexpression of c‐Ski in human cc
RCC
cells promoted in vivo tumor formation. Enhancement of tumor formation was also reproduced by the introduction of a dominant‐negative mutant
TGF
‐β type
II
receptor into cc
RCC
cells. In contrast, introduction of the
BMP
signaling inhibitor Noggin failed to accelerate tumor formation, suggesting that the tumor‐promoting effect of c‐Ski depends on the inhibition of
TGF
‐β signaling rather than of
BMP
signaling. Finally, the molecular mechanism of the tumor‐suppressive role of
TGF
‐β was assessed. Although
TGF
‐β signaling did not affect tumor angiogenesis, apoptosis of cc
RCC
cells was induced by
TGF
‐β. Taken together, these findings suggest that c‐Ski suppresses
TGF
‐β signaling in cc
RCC
cells, which, in turn, attenuates the tumor‐suppressive effect of
TGF
‐β.