Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Abstract

Red blood cell (RBC) autoantibodies are a relatively uncommon cause of anemia. However, autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemias, especially if the patient has a concomitant lymphoproliferative disorder, autoimmune disease, or viral or mycoplasmal infection. Classi®-cations of AIHA include warm AIHA, cold agglutinin syndrome, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, mixed-type AIHA, and drug-induced AIHA. Characteristics of the autoantibodies are responsible for the various clinical entities. As a result, diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and a serologic work-up. For each classi®cation of AIHA, this review discusses the demographics, etiology, clinical presentation, laboratory evaluation, and treatment options. Am.

Autoimmune cytopenia does not predict poor prognosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma†

“…A diagnosis of AIHA was made in patients who had a hgb < 10 g/dl, at least one marker of hemolysis (increased bilirubin, LDH), increased absolute reticulocyte count, no clinical evidence of bleeding, palpable splenomegaly, bone marrow failure, or inflammation, no recent myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) for either IgG or C3d [3,6]. ITP was the diagnosis in patients who had platelet counts < 100 × 10 3 / l, with no evidence of hypersplenism or bone marrow failure, as evidenced by normal or increased megakaryocytes on bone marrow examination [4], or with normal erythrocyte production if a bone marrow examination was not performed.…”

“…There are no recent studies of the incidence of AIHA in CLL/SLL in U.S. populations using current diagnostic criteria. Studies in Europe and North America have shown that CLL is the most common cause of secondary AIHA [2][3][4]6]. In most of these cases, the pathological autoantibodies against erythrocytes are warm reactive polyclonal IgG autoantibodies directed against Rh family an-tigens [2,3,5,6].…”

“…Studies in Europe and North America have shown that CLL is the most common cause of secondary AIHA [2][3][4]6]. In most of these cases, the pathological autoantibodies against erythrocytes are warm reactive polyclonal IgG autoantibodies directed against Rh family an-tigens [2,3,5,6]. AIHA is rarely caused by an IgM autoantibody [5,6].…”

“…In most of these cases, the pathological autoantibodies against erythrocytes are warm reactive polyclonal IgG autoantibodies directed against Rh family an-tigens [2,3,5,6]. AIHA is rarely caused by an IgM autoantibody [5,6].…”

Recurrent autoimmune hemolytic anemia in splenic marginal zone lymphoma

“…Most patients respond to oral steroids, but only about 15–20% will undergo complete remission without requiring maintenance doses [7]. Steroid-resistant patients are treated with anti-CD20 therapies such as rituximab.…”