Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Pulmonary Embolism: An Association to Consider

Solari, Daria; Alberio, Lorenzo; Ribi, Camillo; Grandoni, Francesco; Stalder, Grégoire

doi:10.1055/s-0040-1721733

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Recently, genetic predisposition and autoimmune antibodies have been shown to play roles in the development of DVT after knee arthroscopy. We screened for causes of spontaneous or acquired thromboembolism during outpatient follow-up [13]. The results for lupus anticoagulant, antiphospholipid syndrome, myeloproliferative disease, and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria were negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral pulmonary embolism without deep venous thrombosis was observed after knee arthroscopy: a case report

Chen

Deng

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background Symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) after knee arthroscopy is extremely rare. If the embolism is not treated promptly, the patient may die. Bilateral pulmonary embolism with associated pulmonary infarct without concomitant deep vein thrombosis has never been reported following routine knee arthroscopy. Case presentation A 50-year-old female patient with no other risk factors other than hypertension, obesity, varicose veins in the ipsilateral lower extremities and elevated triglyceride (TG) presented to our ward. She had experienced sudden chest tightness, polypnea and fainting after going to the bathroom the morning of the second postoperative day and received emergency medical attention. Colour ultrasonography of the extremities showed no deep vein thrombosis. Lung computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed multiple embolisms scattered in both pulmonary artery branches. Thus, emergency interventional thrombolysis therapy was performed, followed by postoperative symptomatic treatment with drugs with thrombolytic, anticoagulant and protective activities. One week later, lung CTA showed a significant improvement in the PEs compared with those in the previous examination. Since the aetiology of PE and no obvious symptoms were discerned, the patient was discharged. Conclusion Although knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive and quick procedure, the risk factors for PE in the perioperative period should be considered and fully evaluated to enhance PE detection. Moreover, a timely diagnosis and effective treatment are important measures to prevent and cure PE after knee arthroscopy. Finally, clear guidelines regarding VTE thromboprophylaxis following knee arthroscopy in patients with a low risk of VTE development are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral pulmonary embolism without deep venous thrombosis was observed after knee arthroscopy: a case report

Chen

Deng

et al. 2021

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…Finally, glucocorticoids therapy might play a role in the pathogenesis of VTE in patients with AIHA. 12 , 13 , 14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, microparticles (MPs) and cell‐free hemoglobin, which are released during hemolysis, can lead to oxidative stress on vascular endothelium, enhance thrombin synthesis, and facilitate platelet aggregation. Finally, glucocorticoids therapy might play a role in the pathogenesis of VTE in patients with AIHA 12‐14 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concomitant autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pulmonary embolism associated with mild COVID‐19: A case report

Al-Mashdali

Ata

Yassin

2021

Clinical Case Reports

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“…Hyperferritinemia and impaired iron homeostasis have been demonstrated to contribute to endothelial damage and cause ultrastructural changes in RBCs of COVID-19 patients. Moreover, AIHA may lead to pulmonary thrombosis [27]. Interestingly, thrombosis associated with cold-agglutinin AIHA could be the presenting symptoms in COVID-19 patients [28].…”

Section: The Interplay Between Sars-cov-2 Infection and Aihamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemolytic anemia in COVID-19

Al-Kuraishy¹,

Al-Gareeb²,

Kujawska

et al. 2022

Ann Hematol

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COVID-19 is a global pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 entry point involves the interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, CD147, and erythrocyte Band3 protein. Hemolytic anemia has been linked to COVID-19 through induction of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) caused by the formation of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) or directly through CD147 or erythrocyte Band3 protein-mediated erythrocyte injury. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive view of the potential mechanisms contributing to hemolytic anemia during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Taken together, data discussed here highlight that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to hemolytic anemia directly through cytopathic injury or indirectly through induction of auto-Abs. Thus, as SARS-CoV-2-induced hemolytic anemia is increasingly associated with COVID-19, early detection and management of this condition may prevent the poor prognostic outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, since hemolytic exacerbations may occur upon medicines for COVID-19 treatment and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, continued monitoring for complications is also required. Given that, intelligent nanosystems offer tools for broad-spectrum testing and early diagnosis of the infection, even at point-of-care sites.

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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia and Pulmonary Embolism: An Association to Consider

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Bilateral pulmonary embolism without deep venous thrombosis was observed after knee arthroscopy: a case report

Bilateral pulmonary embolism without deep venous thrombosis was observed after knee arthroscopy: a case report

Concomitant autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pulmonary embolism associated with mild COVID‐19: A case report

Hemolytic anemia in COVID-19

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