Autoimmune hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease: what is the role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants?

Kashkouli, Mohsen Bahmani; Aghamirsalim, Mohamadreza; Karimi, Nasser; Shahrzad, Sahab

doi:10.1586/17469899.2015.1012499

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Consequently, the hypothyroidism condition turned into an euthyroid state, and the increased IOP almost declined indicating the powerful impact of our proposed therapy on hypothyroidism. [6,[11][12][13][14]29] Amongst the various factors that are responsible for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, one important parameter is the concentration of protein in the thyroid gland. Protein deficiency leads to downregulation of the hypothalamuspituitary axis resulting in the decreased synthesis and release of thyroid stimulating hormone causing hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our proposed therapies counteracted these problems probably by their antioxidant effect on protein restoration. [6,[12][13][14]29,31] MDA is a parameter to measure lipid peroxidation. Nitrite is a stable end product of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, which converts hypochlorous acid (HOCl) into the more potent chlorinating species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9] Both IF and vitamin supplementation happen to enhance antioxidant levels thus managing ROS production and preventing damage to the thyroid gland and eye which accounts for the rationale behind the adoption of such a therapeutic strategy for the remission of hypothyroidism-associated ophthalmopathy. [6,[10][11][12][13][14]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermittent Fasting and Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Hypothyroidism‐Associated Ophthalmopathy

Kumar,

Das,

Kumari

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Visualization is a complex‐integrated procedure of the eyes and brain that allows to see this colorful world. Hypothyroidism‐associated ophthalmopathy (HAO), often known as dry eyes, swelling around the eyes, blurred vision, glaucoma, and cataracts, are some eye‐related issues caused by hypothyroidism. Yet there is no permanent cure for hypothyroidism; taking medicine throughout life is the only solution to keep its harmful effects under control. This study used intermittent fasting (IF) and vitamin E (Vit.E) supplementation to prevent hypothyroidism‐associated ophthalmopathy. This study hypothesized that intermittent fasting‐like diet regimens and vitamin supplementation should reduce the propagation of HAO by its antioxidant potential. In the present study, experimental animals are divided into five groups: normal, hypothyroidism control, dual, Vit. E, and IF. Hypothyroidism is generated in the experimental groups by taking propylthiouracil (PTU) for 24 days while also taking IF and Vit. E supplements. The hypothyroid‐induced experimental animals demonstrated an increase in IOP and lipid peroxidation while thyroid hormone levels depicted a massive decline which is a clear denotation of the effects of the thyroid on eyes and lifestyle. Ancient Ayurveda inspires these proposed therapies and has successfully reduced all the damage to the thyroid gland and the eye.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intermittent Fasting and Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Hypothyroidism‐Associated Ophthalmopathy

Kumar,

Das,

Kumari

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“… 12 13 Therefore, antioxidants have been studied to find out how they might change the effect of oxidative stress in different diseases. Consequently, a few studies 13 14 15 16 17 have attempted to investigate the role of antioxidants in autoimmune hyperthyroidism/thyroiditis and TED treatment with inconsistent conclusions on the effect and type of antioxidants in this regard. This study was designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of reported antioxidants in patients with TED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on the Role of Antioxidants in Thyroid Eye Disease

Akbarian

Chaibakhsh

Kashkouli

et al. 2022

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To systematically review the role of antioxidants in management of patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods: A literature search of the electronic databases was performed without restrictions on the date of publication till the end of March 2021, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Clinical trials, case–control studies, cohorts, case series, case reports, and experimental (including in vitro) studies in the English language were included. The primary outcome in human studies was improvement in severity, activity scores, and/or quality of life scores. There was a decrease in the level of H2O2-dependent oxidative stress, Hyaluronic acid release, reactive oxygen species, cell proliferation, or antifibrotic/antiproliferative actions in the in vitro studies. Results: Out of 374 initially screened articles, 157 studies were selected, the full texts of 82 were reviewed, and 14 papers were finally included. There were 4 clinical and 10 in vitro studies from 1993 to 2018. While β-carotene, retinol, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, melatonin, resveratrol, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, and quercetin showed some efficacy in in vitro studies; allopurinol, nicotinamide, pentoxifylline, and selenium (Se) were effective in both clinical and experimental reports. Se was the only recommended antioxidant based on one high-level randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: While different antioxidants could potentially be effective in the management of TED, no strong recommendation for any or combination of antioxidants could be made to be implemented in the daily practice.

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Is beta-carotene consumption associated with thyroid hormone levels?

et al. 2023

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The thyroid hormones play a pivotal role in various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism regulation, and reproduction. While non-modifiable factors are known to impact thyroid function, such as genetics and age, nutritional factors are also important. Diets rich in selenium and iodine are conventionally acknowledged to be beneficial for the production and release of thyroid hormones. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A (retinol), and thyroid function. Beta-carotene is known for its antioxidant properties and has been shown to play a role in the prevention of various clinical conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular and neurological diseases. However, its impact on thyroid function is still unclear. Some studies have suggested a positive association between beta-carotene levels and thyroid function, while others have found no significant effect. Conversely, the hormone produced by the thyroid gland, thyroxine, enhances the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol. Furthermore, vitamin A derivatives are being explored as potential therapeutic options for thyroid malignancies. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms through which beta-carotene/retinol and thyroid hormones interact and review the findings of clinical studies examining the association between beta-carotene consumption and thyroid hormone levels. Our review underscores the need for further research to clarify the relationship between beta-carotene and thyroid function.

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Autoimmune hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease: what is the role of pro-oxidants and antioxidants?

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Intermittent Fasting and Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Hypothyroidism‐Associated Ophthalmopathy

Intermittent Fasting and Vitamin E Supplementation Attenuates Hypothyroidism‐Associated Ophthalmopathy

A Systematic Review on the Role of Antioxidants in Thyroid Eye Disease

Is beta-carotene consumption associated with thyroid hormone levels?

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