Autoimmune keratitis in mycobacterium tuberculosis

Rafiezadeh, Parviz; Schmack, Ingo; Shajari, Mehdi; Kohnen, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.joco.2018.03.001

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…During primary infection Mycobacterium tuberculosis multiplies in the lungs and causes mild inflammation while in the conjunctiva it may manifest with presence of ocular lesions [14–16]. This phenomenon is also shown with Streptoccocus pneumonia which can infect both the conjunctiva and cause pneumonia [17,18] other causes of conjunctivitis include immunologic factors [19] such as allergens and mechanical means [20]. Our findings show significant associations of inflamed conjunctiva and production of good quality sputum.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with sputum characteristics of presumed tuberculosis patients

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSputum remains the most preferred specimen for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its non-invasive method of production. Good quality sputum specimen is essential for accurate diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). It is therefore imperative to assess factors that are related to the production of sputum that is of the best quality.ObjectiveWe assessed the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of presumed tuberculosis patients and the quality of sputum they produced.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study in which consenting enrolled presumed tuberculosis patients were subjected to medical examination and a structured questionnaire administered to collect clinical history, demographic information, environmental and behavioral characteristics. The enrolled participants were instructed on how to collect spot and morning sputum specimens for macroscopic and microscopic assessment to determine any association.ResultsA total of 309 patients were enrolled into the study with an even distribution on gender (50.5% males). Of these, 202 (65.3%) submitted both a spot and a morning specimen for analysis. On macroscopic examination, 70% spot and 68% morning sputum were characterized as good quality (Purulent/mucoid). The factors associated (p<0.05) with quality specimen included both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The intrinsic factors included: difficulty in breathing, presence of conjunctivitis and knowledge of the disease whereas the only extrinsic factor associated with production of good quality sputum for tuberculosis diagnosis was time taken by patient to seek tuberculosis treatment after occurrence of any of the TB symptoms.ConclusionBoth intrinsic and extrinsic factors affected the quality of sputum produced by presumed tuberculosis patients. Clinical and behavioral characteristics including conjunctivitis, difficulty in breathing and delay in seeking treatment were important factors that determined the production of good quality sputum specimens, while knowledge of tuberculosis disease did not compel presumed tuberculosis patients to produce good quality sputum for diagnosis of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with sputum characteristics of presumed tuberculosis patients

et al. 2019

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“…This could result from direct inoculation of mycobacteria or contamination of a wound following an ocular injury, 4 or it could represent a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to remote mycobacterial antigens. 4,68 The exact mechanism by which remote mycobacterial antigens elicit a type IV hypersensitivity response in the outer tunic of the eye is not fully understood. 66 The cornea, sclera, and/or conjunctiva may become sensitized to mycobacterial antigens from the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular mycobacterial lesions in cats

Mitchell

MacDougall²,

Dobromylskyj³

et al. 2022

Vet Pathol

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Ocular mycobacterial infections are an under-recognized cause of morbidity in the domestic cat. This study aimed to explore the distribution, histopathological appearance, and severity of feline ocular mycobacterial lesions, and to characterize the immune cell population with immunohistochemistry. Routine histological staining with hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome, was performed to identify ocular lesions and assign an inflammation score based on the number of cells present. Acid-fast bacilli were detected with Ziehl-Neelsen, and immunohistochemistry for ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (Iba1), calprotectin, cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), and Pax5 was undertaken on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 24 cases of ocular mycobacteriosis. Posterior or panuveitis with concurrent retinitis was identified in 20/24 cases (83%), with retinal detachment in 16/20 (80%) of these cases. Choroidal lesions had the highest median inflammation score. Ziehl-Neelsen-positive organisms were detected in 20/24 cases (83%), with the highest prevalence of acid-fast bacilli detected in choroidal lesions (16/20, 80%). Lesions were typically granulomatous to pyogranulomatous, characterized by abundant numbers of Iba1-positive macrophages, followed by calprotectin-positive granulocytes and monocytes, fewer T cells, and rarer B cells. However, where iritis was identified, inflammation was typically lymphoplasmacytic (11/16 cases, 69%). Where diagnostic testing was performed, tuberculosis (ie, infection with Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium microti, or a nonspeciated Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex pathogen) was diagnosed in 20/22 cats (91%), with Mycobacterium lepraemurium infection identified in the other 2/22 cats (9%). These results suggest the choroid is the primary site of lesion development in most cases of feline ocular mycobacteriosis, and inflammatory changes are associated with the presence of mycobacteria localized to ocular tissues.

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“…The prevalence of ocular TB among TB has been reported to be 6.8% [2]. TB had been reported in all eye tissues [3], but corneal tuberculosis was extremely rare [4].TB may cause PUK, which is characterized by progressive peripheral corneal stromal thinning with an associated epithelial defect or present in an idiopathic form (Mooren ulcer) [5]. Ocular lesions can be caused by a direct invasion of microorganisms or result from immunologic reactions (delayed hypersensitivity type IV) in the absence of the infectious agent [4].…”

Section: Declarations Ethical Standards Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Case of Direct Evidence’s peripheral ulcerative keratitis with Tuberculosis

Gong,

Huang,

Huang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Compared with intraocular tuberculosis (TB), ocular tuberculosis (OTB) with ocular surface involvement is rare. Corneal involvement in OTB can be characterized by interstitial keratitis or peripheral ulcer-ative keratitis(PUK). We report a case of PUK with direct basis as the sign of tuberculosis. The corneal ulcer scraping was performed and mycobacterium TB DNA polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was positive.After a month of oral anti tuberculosis treatment, the corneal ulcer was completely controlled.

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Autoimmune keratitis in mycobacterium tuberculosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with sputum characteristics of presumed tuberculosis patients

Intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with sputum characteristics of presumed tuberculosis patients

Ocular mycobacterial lesions in cats

One Case of Direct Evidence’s peripheral ulcerative keratitis with Tuberculosis

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