Autoimmune Skin Diseases in Multiple Sclerosis: Comorbidity Issues and the Impact of Pathogenetic Therapy

Abstract

The number of autoimmune diseases (AS), currently numbering more than 100 nosological forms, is constantly growing and is a significant problem of clinical medicine. Advances in the definition of diagnostic biomarkers and clinical tests make it possible in most cases to carry out differential diagnosis of autoimmune pathology and prescribe personalized immunocorrection. The modern understanding of the mechanisms of AS is based on the breakdown of tolerance to their own antigens, which occurs in genetically predisposed individuals against the background of impaired immunoregulation. In this review, using the example of multiple sclerosis (MS) as a classic AS of the nervous system, a possible combination of common autoimmune mechanisms of MS and such common skin diseases as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis is considered. Advances in the field of pharmacy have accelerated the path from the creation of new molecules to the introduction of modern pathogenetic drugs into daily clinical practice. To prevent exacerbations and progression of MS, disease-modifying therapy of MS are currently used. This treatment is permanent and long-term, and it is very important to take into account the comorbid pathologies that develop against the background of this therapy. The review shows the effect of DMT on the manifestation of skin diseases. The use of modern bioengineered drugs can contribute both to the activation and emergence of new diseases, and to stabilize the patient’s condition in the presence of autoimmune comorbidity.