Autoimmunity in hepatitis C virus carriers: Involvement of ferritin and prolactin

Sousa, Gabriel Menezes de; Oliveira, Rodrigo Cesar Reis de; Pereira, Mariana M.; Paraná, Raymundo; Sousa-Atta, M.L.B.; Atta, Ajax Mercês

doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2010.10.003

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Hyperprolactinemia has often been associated with autoimmune conditions, such as SLE, RA, MS, autoimmune thyroiditis [54], myasthenia gravis [55] and diabetes mellitus [56], however in several cases discordant results have been provided [57][58][59]. In the following paragraphs we discuss in…”

Section: Prolactin and Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prolactin: A versatile regulator of inflammation and autoimmune pathology

Costanza¹,

Binart

Steinman

et al. 2015

Autoimmunity Reviews

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Section: Prolactin and Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prolactin: A versatile regulator of inflammation and autoimmune pathology

Costanza¹,

Binart

Steinman

et al. 2015

Autoimmunity Reviews

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“…Elevated serum levels of PRL have been reported in several autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis [5] and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [6-9], although this finding has not been reported for other diseases such as autoimmunity during chronic hepatitis C [10]. Moreover, women with hyperprolactinaemia but without autoimmune disorders have been reported to have circulating autoantibodies [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased levels of prolactin receptor expression correlate with the early onset of lupus symptoms and increased numbers of transitional-1 B cells after prolactin treatment

Ledesma-Soto¹,

Blanco-Favéla²,

Fuentes‐Pananá

et al. 2012

BMC Immunol

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BackgroundProlactin is secreted from the pituitary gland and other organs, as well as by cells such as lymphocytes. Prolactin has an immunostimulatory effect and is associated with autoimmune diseases that are characterised by abnormal B cell activation, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our aim was to determine if different splenic B cell subsets express the prolactin receptor and if the presence of prolactin influences these B cell subsets and correlates with development of lupus.ResultsUsing real-time PCR and flow cytometry, we found that different subsets of immature (transitional) and mature (follicular, marginal zone) B cells express different levels of the prolactin receptor and are differentially affected by hyperprolactinaemia. We found that transitional B cells express the prolactin receptor at higher levels compared to mature B cells in C57BL/6 mice and the lupus-prone MRL/lpr and MRL mouse strains. Transitional-1 (T1) B cells showed a higher level of prolactin receptor expression in both MRL/lpr and MRL mice compared to C57BL/6 mice. Hyperprolactinaemia was induced using metoclopramide, which resulted in the development of early symptoms of SLE. We found that T1 B cells are the main targets of prolactin and that prolactin augments the absolute number of T1 B cells, which reflects the finding that this B cell subpopulation expresses the highest level of the prolactin receptor.ConclusionsWe found that all B cell subsets express the prolactin receptor but that transitional B cells showed the highest prolactin receptor expression levels. Hyperprolactinaemia in mice susceptible to lupus accelerated the disease and increased the absolute numbers of T1 and T3 B cells but not of mature B cells, suggesting a primary effect of prolactin on the early stages of B cell maturation in the spleen and a role of prolactin in B cell differentiation, contributing to SLE onset.

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“…In patients with chronic hepatitis C, ferritin and AST levels have been correlated, although increased ferritin does not seem to have a role in the extrahepatic manifestations of the disease. Also, in these patients, increased ferritin levels are not associated with the B-cell dysfunction represented by cryoglobulin and nonorgan-specific antibody production [18]. Additionally, there are several diseases associated with high ferritin levels that do not share any symptoms or signs of AOSD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferritin in Adult-Onset Still’s Disease: Just a Useful Innocent Bystander?

Mehta

Efthimiou

2012

International Journal of Inflammation

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Background. Adult-Onset Still’s Disease (AOSD) is an immune-mediated systemic disease with quotidian-spiking fever, rash, and inflammatory arthritis. Hyperferritinemia is a prominent feature, often used for screening.Methods. The key terms “ferritin” and “hyperferritinemia” were used to search PubMed and Medline and were cross-referenced with “Still’s Disease.”Results. Hyperferritinemia, although nonspecific, is particularly prevalent in AOSD. While most clinicians associate ferritin with iron metabolism, this is mostly true for the H isoform and not for the L isoform that tends to increase dramatically in hyperferritenemia. In these situations, hyperferritinemia is not associated with iron metabolism and may even mask an underlying iron deficiency. We review, in systematic fashion, the current basic science and clinical literature regarding the regulation of ferritin and its use in the diagnosis and management of AOSD.Conclusion. Serum hyperferritinemia in AOSD has been described for 2 decades, although its mechanism has not yet been completely elucidated. Regulation by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-18, MCSF, and INF-α provides a link to the disease pathogenesis and may explain rapid resolution of hyperferritinemia after targeted treatment and inhibition of key cytokines.

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Autoimmunity in hepatitis C virus carriers: Involvement of ferritin and prolactin

Abstract: Our results suggest that neither prolactin nor ferritin is involved with the extra-hepatic manifestation of autoimmunity observed in HCV carriers.

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Prolactin: A versatile regulator of inflammation and autoimmune pathology

Prolactin: A versatile regulator of inflammation and autoimmune pathology

Increased levels of prolactin receptor expression correlate with the early onset of lupus symptoms and increased numbers of transitional-1 B cells after prolactin treatment

Ferritin in Adult-Onset Still’s Disease: Just a Useful Innocent Bystander?

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