Automated Analysis and Interrelation of Legal Elements Based on Text Mining

Abstract

One of the most promising developments comes with the use of innovative technologies and thus with the availability of novel services. The combination of text mining with legal elements may contribute to the development of many innovative legal IS. Moreover, in the case of public administrations and governments, the distribution, availability, and access towards legal information are essential and urgent. On the other hand, legal data and law texts are a potential open government data category in order for innovation to be achieved, regarding the development of new, better, and more cost-effective services for citizens. Those data need to be available 24/7 basis and compliant towards a standard. Yet, there exist some severe issues at the moment regarding this access. This, in turn, makes the use of automated crawling and analysis more than difficult. This paper describes the “Peri Nomou” system: an innovative legal information system for Greek laws utilising text mining techniques to indexing legal documents, identifying correlations and dividing legal documents into their articles.

Analysing Legal Information Requirements for Public Policy Making

“…These ontologies are focused on representing information of two different kinds of data: (a) the description of the basic information of a law when it is published, and (b) information for better support the parliamentary procedure. For this purpose, the back-end may utilise various text-mining techniques, such as information extraction by using Regular Expressions, Tokenization, Word clustering, Word stemming, Results filtering, Data cleansing, Word Vector (Term Occurrences), just to name the most important ones [33]. All these techniques will extract all the necessary information that will be used for annotating the data and building the necessary files.…”

“…The general background information will be represented by keywords that will be extracted by using Tokenization of the Legal Document Body, Filtering the Stopwords, Stemming or Clustering the words (depends on the language of the legal document) and by creating a word vector of the terms that will be presented in a legal document. The first words, usually, are the most important words of a specific legal document and gives in the policy maker and legislator the opportunity to understand easily the content of this legal document [33]. In addition, the above serialization of the techniques will be used for generating the n-grams of the legal document towards the support of finding the similar legal documents.…”

A theoretical framework to evaluate ICT disparities and digital divides: Challenges and implications for e-government development

“…The use of innovative technologies in the public sector moves e-government to a new stage in which machine-driven decisions are the foundation for the provision of customized services to citizens and businesses (Lachana et al, 2018;United Nations, 2018;Waseda University, 2020;Wimmer et al, 2020). Emerging infrastructures based on cloud computing provide resources for innovation processes driven by big and open linked data analytics, IoT, AI, and machine learning that aim to improve the availability and quality of online services.…”

“…However, society is evolving rapidly, and needs are changing accordingly. Web applications, big and open linked data coupled with growth in Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, cloud computing, mobile devices, and social media affect the concept of data analytics as well as information and services delivery (Barrenechea and Jenkins, 2014;Lachana et al, 2018;Lněnička and Komárková, 2019;Oxford Insights, 2020;Wimmer et al, 2020). In addition, the convergence of developments in hardware, software, and data availability provides another way to consider the trends in ICT (United Nations, 2018).…”

Legal Text Processing: Combing two legal ontological approaches through text mining

“…Unfortunately, any fundamental debates over the globalization of laws that took place in the 1990s did not lead to a clear consensus [2,4,5]. Thus, societies are still overwhelmed with a vast amount of legal information written in their own language that only legal experts of each country can follow due to the complexity that differentiates them from the "normal daily-used" documents (e.g., terminology) [ 6,7,8].…”