Automated construction of variable density navigable networks in a 3D indoor environment for emergency response

Bogusławski, Paweł; Mahdjoubi, Lamine; Zverovich, Vadim; Fadli, Fodil

doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2016.08.041

Cited by 53 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In a general scenario working for any building, it may be necessary to partition corridors and calculate a detailed navigable network in order to get more accurate results. Such an attempt was made in [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dual Half-Edge—A Topological Primal/Dual Data Structure and Construction Operators for Modelling and Manipulating Cell Complexes

Bogusławski

Gold

2016

IJGI

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Abstract:There is an increasing need for building models that permit interior navigation, e.g., for escape route analysis. This paper presents a non-manifold Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data structure, the dual half-edge based on the Poincaré duality that expresses both the geometric representations of individual rooms and their topological relationships. Volumes and faces are expressed as vertices and edges respectively in the dual space, permitting a model just based on the storage of primal and dual vertices and edges. Attributes may be attached to all of these entities permitting, for example, shortest path queries between specified rooms, or to the exterior. Storage costs are shown to be comparable to other non-manifold models, and construction with local Euler-type operators is demonstrated with two large university buildings. This is intended to enhance current developments in 3D Geographic Information Systems for interior and exterior city modelling.Keywords: three-dimensional modelling; solid modelling; data structures; Euler operators GIS HistoryThis paper presents a detailed technical description and properties of the dual half-edge (DHE) topological data structure and its application in the Geographic Information Sciences (GIS), particularly in building interior modelling. It includes associated navigation and construction operators necessary for a convenient usage of DHE. Previous papers describing DHE [1][2][3] reported on the importance of the primal/dual approach, some applications, model representation and preliminary development, but with only a brief discussion of technical details and properties. DHE is compared with some other similar data structures.Early 2D GIS data structures were designed for polygon (choropleth) maps, where the objective was to combine the sets of individual digitized polygon boundaries to form a network. Various approaches were attempted, but finally an arc-based structure predominated, where an "arc" consisted of an intermediate set of digitized points between the "nodes" at boundary junctions. This was closely related to the winged-edge structure [4], with pointers to the four adjacent arcs and the two bounding polygons. The winged-edge structure was developed by Baumgart [4] and provided a way to connect

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dual Half-Edge—A Topological Primal/Dual Data Structure and Construction Operators for Modelling and Manipulating Cell Complexes

Bogusławski

Gold

2016

IJGI

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“…The initial stage in this research is the generation of a navigable network from a BIM model (see Figure 1). The method proposed by Boguslawski, et al [2] is adopted for irregular tessellation of space and the variable density network generation. Each network node is associated with a cell of a specific area calculated in the tessellation process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It helps to determine densities of objects in certain areas and, thus, used to detect congestions and bottlenecks [4]. In order to perform such analysis it is necessary to generate a navigable network and apply a path-finding algorithm [2,6,11,14,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, the proposed methods are scalable to various areas such as outdoors, because strong mathematical foundations for network representation, hazard analysis and path-finding algorithms were applied [2,18]. A microscopic evacuation planning is used for evacuation simulation, however, some aspects typical for macroscopic planning are adapted, such as taking into consideration maximum flow and density of evacuees, in people's movement simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dynamic approach for evacuees' distribution and optimal routing in hazardous environments

Bogusławski

Mahdjoubi

Zverovich

et al. 2018

Automation in Construction

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In a complex built environment, the situation changes rapidly during an emergency event. Typically, available systems rely heavily on a static scenario in the calculation of safest routes. In addition, egress route calculation and evacuation simulations are performed separately from path-finding for rescue teams. In this paper, we propose a state-of-the-art dynamic approach, which deals not only with a 3D environment, shape of spaces and hazard location, but also with the dynamic distribution of occupants during evacuation. A database of densities and information about hazard influence are generated and used to calculate optimal paths for rescue teams. Three simulation scenarios are compared in this study-namely, static with constant density values determined for subsequent stages of evacuation, semi-dynamic with densities representing an actual people distribution in a building during evacuation simulation, and dynamic with temporal distribution of evacuees stored in a database, and dynamically used in optimal path calculations. The findings revealed that static simulation is significantly different from semi-dynamic and dynamic simulations, and each type of simulation is better suited for the decision task at hand.

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“…are looking for indoor 3D models to perform more elaborate user‐adaptive pathfinding. However, approaches in that direction often rely on as‐designed building models such as BIMs (Boguslawski & Gold, ; Boguslawski, Mahdjoubi, Zverovich, & Fadli, ; Boysen, de Haas, Lu, & Xie, ). Unfortunately, these models are still difficult to obtain, keep up‐to‐date, and validate (Diakité & Zlatanova, ).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic enrichment of octree structured point clouds for multi‐story 3D pathfinding

Fichtner

Diakité

Zlatanova

et al. 2018

Transactions in GIS

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3D indoor navigation in multi-story buildings and under changing environments is still difficult to perform. 3D models of buildings are commonly not available or outdated. 3D point clouds turned out to be a very practical way to capture 3D interior spaces and provide a notion of an empty space. Therefore, pathfinding in point clouds is rapidly emerging. However, processing of raw point clouds can be very expensive, as these are semantically poor and unstructured data.In this article we present an innovative octree-based approach for processing of 3D indoor point clouds for the purpose of multi-story pathfinding. We semantically identify the construction elements, which are of importance for the indoor navigation of humans (i.e., floors, walls, stairs, and obstacles), and use these to delineate the available navigable space. To illustrate the usability of this approach, we applied it to real-world data sets and computed paths considering user constraints. The structuring of the point cloud into an octree approximation improves the point cloud processing and provides a structure for the empty space of the point cloud. It is also helpful to compute paths sufficiently accurate in their consideration of the spatial complexity. The entire process is automatic and able to deal with a large number of multi-story indoor environments. | I NTR OD U CTI ONThe research on 3D indoor navigation is still very limited. Most of the currently available approaches use a set of 2D floor plans, which are connected via their staircases. The type and size of stairs, as well as interior obstacles such as furniture, are commonly not considered. The main reason for this is the lack of accurate and up-to-date 3D models (GIS or BIM). Point clouds of indoor environments are much more accessible, due to the growing availability of handheld or mobile 3D scanners, which allow a large building to be scanned within a few hours. This is an important quality in case of often or occasionally changing indoor environments, such as exhibition halls, museums, construction sites, or in emergency circumstances where relying on up-to-date models is essential. Additionally, the point clouds give a good Transactions in GIS. 2018;22:233-248.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/tgis

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Automated construction of variable density navigable networks in a 3D indoor environment for emergency response

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

The Dual Half-Edge—A Topological Primal/Dual Data Structure and Construction Operators for Modelling and Manipulating Cell Complexes

The Dual Half-Edge—A Topological Primal/Dual Data Structure and Construction Operators for Modelling and Manipulating Cell Complexes

A dynamic approach for evacuees' distribution and optimal routing in hazardous environments

Semantic enrichment of octree structured point clouds for multi‐story 3D pathfinding

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