Automated instrumental analysis of carbon and nitrogen in plant and soil samples

McGeehan, Steven L.; Naylor, D. V.

doi:10.1080/00103628809367953

Cited by 213 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

112

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In most of the samples, C concentration determined through Walkley-Black method was lower than that obtained through dry combustion (Figure 1), possibly because of incomplete oxidation of the total organic C in the Walkley-Black procedure (McGeehan & Naylor, 1988;Nelson & Sommers, 1996). By taking the inverse of the linear regression in Figure 1d, a correction equation is thus proposed to be applied on the C concentration results of Walkley-Black: C = 1.05C W.Black + 0.47.…”

Section: Comparison Of Methods For C Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, no correction was necessary for the Kjeldahl-N results. The tendency, however, for the higher concentrations obtained by dry combustion could be related to a non quantitatively release of some refractory N, or of N in N-O structures of NO 3 - (McGeehan & Naylor, 1988;Bremner, 1965).…”

Section: Comparison Of Methods For N Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the C concentration results given by the Walkley-Black rapid dichromate oxidation method are generally lower than those obtained through the reference dry combustion methods (McGeehan & Naylor, 1988;Mikhailova et al, 2003) a high correlation is commonly found between these two methods (Mikhailova et al, 2003;Pérez et al, 2001). To overcome the problem of incomplete C recovery which leads to the underestimation of C concentrations by Walkley-Black method, the analytical results of this technique are corrected by a factor, commonly reported as 1.30 when no external heat is applied (Nelson & Sommers, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comparison of carbon and nitrogen determination methods for samples of a Paleudult subjected to no-till cropping systems

Dieckow

Mielniczuk

Knicker³

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Organic carbon (C) concentration evaluated by the Walkley-Black method, and total nitrogen (N) concentration determined by Kjeldahl method, were compared with corresponding results of C and N concentrations obtained through the dry combustion method (Elementar Vario EL analyzer), using samples of ten soil layers down to the depth of 107.5 cm of a kaolinitic Typic Paleudult (220-418 g clay kg -1 along the profile) subjected to no-till cropping systems [fallow bare soil, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) plus maize, and lablab (Lablab purpureum L. Sweet) plus maize]. A close correlation (R 2 ≥ 0.96) was observed between the C results of the Walkley-Black and dry combustion methods, but a correction was suggested to be applied to C results of Walkley-Black (C = 1.05C W.Black + 0.47). A close correlation (R 2 ≥ 0.96) was also found between results of Kjeldahl-N and dry combustion-N, but no correction was necessary to be applied. The relationships between results of Walkley-Black and dry combustion and between results of Kjeldahl and dry combustion did not change among soil samples from different management systems, in disagreement to findings of a previous study where results of analytical C recovery were influenced by samples from different managements, supposedly because changes in lability or recalcitrance of organic matter might have affected the wet combustion reactions. A poor correlation (R 2 = 0.42) was found between the C:N ratios based on Walkley-Black and Kjeldahl analysis and the C:N ratios based on dry combustion analysis. The methods for C and N determination did not affect the interpretation of the effects of management systems on soil C and N stocks. Key words: Walkley-Black, Kjeldahl, wet combustion, dry combustion COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE DETERMINAÇÃO DE CARBONO E NITROGÊNIO EM AMOSTRAS DE ARGISSOLO SOB PLANTIO DIRETORESUMO: Resultados de concentração de carbono (C), obtidos pelo método Walkley-Black, e resultados de concentração de nitrogênio (N) total, determinados pelo método Kjeldahl, foram comparados com os correspondentes resultados de C e N obtidos pelo método de combustão seca (analisador Elementar Vario EL), utilizando-se amostras de dez camadas de um Argissolo Vermelho até a profundidade de 107.5 cm (220-418 g argila kg -1 ao longo do perifl), manejado em sistemas de culturas de plantio direto [solo descoberto, guandu (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) mais milho, e lab lab (Lablab purpureum L. Sweet) mais milho]. Alta correlação (R 2 ≥ 0.96) foi observada entre os resultados de C-Walkley-Black e C-combustão seca. Uma correção foi sugerida para os resultados de C-Walkley-Black (C = 1.05C W.Black + 0.47). Elevada correlação (R 2 ≥ 0.96) também foi observada entre os resultados de N-Kjeldahl e Ncombustão seca, não sendo necessária a aplicação de uma correção aos resultados de N-Kjeldahl. A relação entre os resultados de Walkley-Black e combustão seca e entre os resultados de Kjeldahl e combustão seca não mudaram entre amostras de solo de diferentes sistemas de manejo, diferindo dos re...

show abstract

Section: Comparison Of Methods For C Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Methods For N Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of carbon and nitrogen determination methods for samples of a Paleudult subjected to no-till cropping systems

Dieckow

Mielniczuk

Knicker³

et al. 2007

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tubers were diced into small pieces and freeze-dried. Once dried, tuber pieces were ground to a fine powder, weighed, and analyzed for percent nitrogen, dry weight, by using a LECO combustion analyzer CNS-2000 (LECO, St. Joseph, MI) (16), at the Analytical Sciences Laboratory, University of Idaho Holm Research Center, Moscow, ID.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The systemin precursor gene regulates both defensive and developmental genes in Solanum tuberosum

Narváez-Vásquez

Ryan

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Transformation of Solanum tuberosum, cv. Desiree, with the tomato prosystemin gene, regulated by the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, resulted in constitutive increase in defensive proteins in potato leaves, similar to its effects in tomato plants, but also resulted in a dramatic increase in storage protein levels in potato tubers. Tubers from selected transformed lines contained 4-to 5-fold increases in proteinase inhibitor I and II proteins, >50% more soluble and dry weight protein, and >50% more total nitrogen and total free amino acids than found in wild-type tubers. These results suggest that the prosystemin gene plays a dual role in potato plants in regulating proteinase inhibitor synthesis in leaves in response to wounding and in regulating storage protein synthesis in potato tubers in response to developmental cues. The results indicated that components of the systemin signaling pathway normally found in leaves have been recruited by potato plants to be developmentally regulated to synthesize and accumulate large quantities of storage proteins in tubers.tomato ͉ systemic wound signaling ͉ storage proteins ͉ defense response P roteinase inhibitors I and I (Inh I and II) proteins were initially found as major storage proteins in potato tubers (1-3) and later as wound-inducible antinutrient defensive proteins in leaves of several Solanaceae species (4, 5). The two proteins can account for up to 10% of the total soluble proteins of mature potato tubers (6, 7) and up to 2% of the soluble proteins in leaves of tomato plants in response to mechanical wounding or herbivore attacks. The wound-inducible expression of Inh I and II in tomato and potato leaves has been extensively investigated (5, 8), and their synthesis was shown to be initiated by the release of a mobile 18-aa polypeptide signaling molecule called systemin (9). Systemin is released from damaged cells at the site of wounding and systemically activates the expression of over 20 defense-related genes, including Inh I and II, in leaves throughout the plants (5). Systemin is synthesized as part of a larger 200-aa protein called prosystemin (10), whose cDNA has been overexpressed in transgenic tomato plants in both the antisense and sense orientations. In the antisense plants, systemic wound signaling does not occur (10), whereas in the sense plants, the leaves constitutively express high levels of the woundinducible defensive proteins in the absence of wounding, acting as if the plants were in a permanent wounded state (11).Although Inh I and II were first discovered in potato tubers (1), systemin had not been considered previously to be involved in the regulation of tuber storage proteins. We have now constitutively overexpressed the tomato prosystemin gene in potato plants in its sense orientation, similar to previous experiments with tomato plants (11). The transgenic plants overexpressing the prosystemin gene were found to regulate not only the synthesis and accumulation of proteinase inhibitors in leaves but also the synthesis of major storag...

show abstract

“…Other studies found proportional but slightly lower (McGeehan and Naylor 1988;Vittori Antisari and Sequi 1988) or higher (Kowalenko 2001) soil total N values for the Kjeldahl method compared with the dry combustion method. High concentrations of nitrate (NO 3 )-N in soil samples, and lack of pretreatment for including NO 3 -N in the Kjeldahl method, could contribute to lower measured total N concentrations by the Kjeldahl method compared with the combustion method (Rutherford et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium Hydroxide Direct Distillation: A Method for Estimating Total Nitrogen in Soil

Sharifi

Zebarth

Burton

et al. 2009

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Automated instrumental analysis of carbon and nitrogen in plant and soil samples

Cited by 213 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of carbon and nitrogen determination methods for samples of a Paleudult subjected to no-till cropping systems

Comparison of carbon and nitrogen determination methods for samples of a Paleudult subjected to no-till cropping systems

The systemin precursor gene regulates both defensive and developmental genes in Solanum tuberosum

Sodium Hydroxide Direct Distillation: A Method for Estimating Total Nitrogen in Soil

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About