Automated PNA Analysis of Naphthas and Other Hydrocarbon Samples

Arkel, P. van; Beens, Jan; Spaans, H.; Grutterink, Dolf; Verbeek, R.

doi:10.1093/chromsci/25.4.141

Cited by 29 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…PIONA analysis was the first industrially significant application of Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. The original instrument, introduced in 1971 [64], has found general acceptance in the petroleum industry [65]. PIONA instruments essentially consist of a series of valves, traps, adsorbers, and reactors.…”

Section: Petroleum Fuels and Environmental Contaminants (Other Thanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Bertsch

1999

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

186

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The writer of this review published in 1978 a three‐part article on two‐dimensional gas chromatography in the first three issues of this journal [1]. The review was written at a time when capillary column GC was still in its infancy. Commercial columns were (essentially) unavailable and sample introduction into capillary columns was done exclusively in the split mode. Two‐dimensional separations were explored in only a few laboratories. The limitations of capillary column technology made this exercise rather difficult. The introduction of fused silica capillary columns in the early eighties drastically changed the landscape in which gas chromatography was practiced. It took the chromatographic community just a few years to convert from packed columns to capillary columns. Instrumentation and accessories specifically designed for capillary column use came onto the market. This writer had great hopes that the revolution in capillary column GC would be mirrored in the development of instrumentation for Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. This never materialized. On the contrary, tentative steps taken by a few manufacturers and suppliers of chromatographic equipment fizzled out. It was perhaps the introduction of relatively inexpensive and user friendly GC/MS instrumentation, in combination with nearly indestructible fused silica capillary columns that took away the incentive to develop commercially viable Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Much of the thinking went like this: why insist on good chromatography if mass spectrometry can do the job without the need for complete separation. Some progress in the further development of conventional Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography has certainly been made over the last 20 years but there has not been a great deal of excitement. Applications have also been relatively sparse and they are limited to just a few areas. Science does not remain static and chromatography is no exception. Progress in gas chromatography is driven by new technology and ideas. Substantial improvements in two‐dimensional GC were not forthcoming until Phillips and his research group introduced and implemented an entirely new form of Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography, called comprehensive two‐dimensional GC, or GC×GC. This breakthrough occurred only in 1991 [2]. It does take some time before scientists change attitudes and habits. There is always a time lag between the introduction of new technology and its general acceptance. The public's attitude toward comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography is probably no exception. The number of scientists who are actively pursuing this new branch of gas chromatography is still very small. It is often a single individual who carries the torch. J.B. Phillips' name is synonymous with comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. He is not only its inventor and proponent but his fertile mind has initiated research in other related areas. Sadly, he passed away shortly before this review was written. This contribution is dedicated to his memory.

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Section: Petroleum Fuels and Environmental Contaminants (Other Thanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Bertsch

1999

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

186

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“…Standard (mostly capillary GC) methods have been established for the analysis of hydrocarbon composition [21. The number of possible hydrocarbon isomers increases exponentially with carbon number [3] : the number of possible (P+O+N+A) isomers exceeds 100 at Cs, (or at C-9 for P+N+A isomers in olefin-free mixtures), and increases to over 1000 at C~0, (or at Cll in olefin-free samples). The total number of possible hydrocarbon isomers in a gasoline range hydrocarbon mixture (from C4 to C~2) goes up to several thousands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regulations on the quality and composition of motor gasolines are designed to decrease the hazardous emissions from automotive engines [1 ]. These Presented at Balaton Symposium on High Performance Separation Methods, Si6fok, Hungary, September [1][2][3]1999 restrictions limit the benzene, sulphur, total aromatic, total olefin content, etc. of gasolines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of compounds in gasoline range mixtures using combined group-type and capillary GC separations

Mocsáry¹,

Tolvaj²,

Juhász³

2000

Chromatographia

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“…The most impressive example of these multidimensional systems in use in the oil industry is the PIONA analyzer [2], which contains three separating columns, two different component traps, and a hydrogenator. Using such an instrument we are able to separate light (gasoline-range) petroleum fractions with a final boiling point up to 200 8C into seven different hydrocarbon classes per carbon-number (P, I, iO, cO, O, N, and A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proper Tuning of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) to Optimize the Separation of Complex Oil Fractions

Beens¹,

Blomberg

Schoenmakers

2000

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

148

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Automated PNA Analysis of Naphthas and Other Hydrocarbon Samples

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Identification of compounds in gasoline range mixtures using combined group-type and capillary GC separations

Proper Tuning of Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography (GC×GC) to Optimize the Separation of Complex Oil Fractions

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