“…So far many studies on brush theories have been conducted, including those for brush finishing/polishing industries (Shia and Stango, 1997;Chen et al, 2001;Makarov et al, 2012;Mathai and Melkote, 2012), brush seal applications (Chew et al, 1995;Kudriavtsev and Braun, 1996), simulation of brush writing in Chinese calligraphy (Wong and Ip, 2000;Xu et al, 2002), and tooth brushes. Many of these were based on mathematical deformation analysis of cantilever beams, but there has not been a universal model or theory that can be used to describe general brush behaviors.…”