Automated sleep apnea detection in snoring signal using long short-term memory neural networks

Cheng, Siyi; Wang, Chao; Yue, Keqiang; Li, Ruixue; Shen, Fanlin; Shuai, Wenjie; Li, Wenjun; Dai, Lili

doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103238

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Hypopnea and normal snoring sounds were collected during the corresponding sleep conditions. We adopted Chengʼs labeling method (Cheng et al 2022), in which a snore extracted within two seconds of the end of an apnea event is labeled as an apnea snore. In our study, OSA and CSA snores were collected within three seconds of the end of the apnea event.…”

Section: Labeling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is essential for hardware migration. In neural networks, a positive correlation exists between the importance of the network weights and their values during the inference process (Cheng et al 2022).…”

Section: Pruningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accuracy of the binary classification model was 87%. Cheng et al (2022) proposed an LSTM-based classifier from which they extracted several snoring features and used a feature-fusion method for feature processing. They classified post-apnea snoring (PAS) and normal snoring (NS) with 95.3% accuracy and PAS, NS, and normal snoring of the patient (NSP) with 81.6% accuracy (see table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discussion of sleep apnea detection research Kang et al 2017)Akhter et al (2018),Shen et al (2020),Cheng et al (2022). were binary classification studies for judging obstructive apnea.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot study of contactless sleep apnea detection based on snore signals with hardware implementation

Lin

et al. 2023

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective. Sleep apnea has a high incidence and is a potentially dangerous disease, and its early detection and diagnosis are challenging. Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the best approach for sleep apnea detection, but it requires cumbersome and complicated operations. Thus, it cannot satisfy the family healthcare needs. Approach. To facilitate the initial detection of sleep apnea in the home environment, we developed a sleep apnea classification model based on snoring and hybrid neural network, and implemented the well trained model in an embedded hardware platform. We used snore signals from 32 patients at Shenzhen People’s Hospital. The Mel-Fbank features were extracted from snore signals to build a sleep apnea classification model based on Bi-LSTM with attention mechanism. Main results. The proposed model classified snore signals into four types: hypopnea, normal condition, obstructive sleep apnea, and central sleep apnea, with 83.52% and 62.31% accuracies, corresponding to the subject-dependence and subject-independence validation, respectively. After pruning and model quantization, at the cost of 0.81% and 0.95% accuracy loss of the subject dependence and subject independence classification, respectively, the number of model parameters and model storage space were reduced by 32.12% and 60.37%, respectively. The model exhibited accuracies of 82.71% and 61.36% based on the subject dependence and subject independence validations, respectively. When the well trained model was successfully porting and running on an STM32 ARM-embedded platform, the model accuracy was 58.85% for the four classifications based on leave-one-subject-out validation. Significance. The proposed sleep apnea detection model can be used in home healthcare for the initial detection of sleep apnea.

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Section: Labeling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pruningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Discussion of sleep apnea detection research Kang et al 2017)Akhter et al (2018),Shen et al (2020),Cheng et al (2022). were binary classification studies for judging obstructive apnea.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot study of contactless sleep apnea detection based on snore signals with hardware implementation

Lin

et al. 2023

Physiol. Meas.

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“…Compared with the traditional methods of sound feature extraction, the OSA method based on the deep CNN can automatically extract the information in snoring and learn the representation of the data. This type of method also effectively overcomes the limitations of manually extracting snoring features, such as insufficient feature extraction ability and poor adaptability (Luo et al 2020, Kwon et al 2021, Chen et al 2022, Cheng et al 2022, Kayabekir et al 2022, Luo et al 2023.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SST: a snore shifted-window transformer method for potential obstructive sleep apnea patient diagnosis

Luo,

Zhao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a high-incidence disease that is seriously harmful and potentially dangerous. The objective of this study was to develop a noncontact sleep audio signal-based method for diagnosing potential obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, aiming to provide a more convenient diagnostic approach compared to the traditional polysomnography (PSG) testing. Approach: The study employed a shifted window transformer model to detect snoring audio signals from whole-night sleep audio. First, a snoring detection model was trained on large-scale audio datasets. Subsequently, the deep feature statistical metrics of the detected snore audio were used to train a random forest classifier for OSA patient diagnosis. Main results:Using a self-collected dataset of 305 potential OSA patients, the proposed snore shifted-window transformer method (SST) achieved an accuracy of 85.9\%, a sensitivity of 85.3\%, and a precision of 85.6\% in OSA patient classification. These values surpassed the state-of-the-art method by 9.7\%, 10.7\%, and 7.9\%, respectively. Significance: The experimental results demonstrated that SST significantly improved the noncontact audio-based OSA diagnosis performance. The study's findings suggest a promising self-diagnosis method for potential OSA patients, potentially reducing the need for invasive and inconvenient diagnostic procedures.

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Use of IoT-Based Solution and Audio Data Analysis for Snoring Detection

Murchan,

Garcia-Constantino

2024

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

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Automated sleep apnea detection in snoring signal using long short-term memory neural networks

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Pilot study of contactless sleep apnea detection based on snore signals with hardware implementation

Pilot study of contactless sleep apnea detection based on snore signals with hardware implementation

SST: a snore shifted-window transformer method for potential obstructive sleep apnea patient diagnosis

Use of IoT-Based Solution and Audio Data Analysis for Snoring Detection

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