Automated solid-phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography with electron-capture detection: a combination of extraction and clean-up of pyrethroids in the analysis of surface water

Hoff, G. R. van der; Pelusio, F.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.; Baumann, R. A.; Zoonen, P. van

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00142-5

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Therefore, the addition of this ACN percentage to the water sample was considered adequate to improve both the recovery and the selectivity in the enrichment step. These results are in compliance with those found by Brinkman et al [6] when using MeOH as organic modifier in the SPE preconcentration of pyrethroids on C 18 cartridges.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Trace Enrichmentsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Some authors have reported the influence of an organic modifier in the clean-up efficiency in the SPE preconcentration of PAHs [12] and pyrethroids [6]. They found improved extraction efficiency when an organic modifier was added to the water sample before SPE.…”

Section: Optimization Of the Trace Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, SPE-based procedures can easily be incorporated into fully online setups which facilitate automation [8]. Thus, Brinkman et al [6] have proposed a method for the determination of pyrethroids at the low ng/L level using an automated SPE method combined with large-volume GC injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This problem is overcome by including a time-consuming drying step just before desorption. Thus, in the first case [7] the cartridges were dried by passing air through them for 15 min and N 2 for another 15 min, and in the second one [6] with twice 9 mL of air at a volumetric flow of 9 mL/min and then 36 mL/ min, finally passing the extracts through 1.5 g of anhydrous sodium sulphate before injection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional SPE procedures are often laborious since they involve manual sample extraction, clean up and several concentration steps [6]. In this way, Martínez Vidal and coworkers [7] have determined several pyrethroids in a multiresidue GC-ECD method by using SPE with C 18 for offline enrichment in a time-consuming procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Online trace enrichment to determine pyrethroids in river water by HPLC with column switching and photochemical induced fluorescence detection

Galera

Martínez

Vázquez

et al. 2005

J of Separation Science

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The potential of online trace enrichment on a highly apolar short column in LC was evaluated for the determination of pyrethroids in river water. Twelve millilitres of water samples, modified with 8 mL ACN (ACN/water 40:60, v/v), were passed through 50 x 4.6 mm ID first separation column packed with 5 microm Hypersil Elite C18. Pesticides were preconcentrated in this column while the matrix background was eluted to waste. Separation of pesticides was performed on a 3.5 microm symmetric C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm ID) with an ACN step gradient as mobile phase and fluorescence detection was used after postcolumn derivatization by using UV light. The use of photochemically induced fluorescence for detection improved sensitivity and selectivity. Quantification limits ranged from 0.05 to 0.1 microg/L and pesticide recoveries at two concentration levels (0.1 and 0.5 microg/L) were between 93.1 and 118.6%, with RSD between 2.5 and 7.5% (n = 3) in river water samples. No matrix effect was detected.

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Section: Optimization Of the Trace Enrichmentsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Optimization Of the Trace Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Online trace enrichment to determine pyrethroids in river water by HPLC with column switching and photochemical induced fluorescence detection

Galera

Martínez

Vázquez

et al. 2005

J of Separation Science

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Solid-Phase Microextraction of Pyrethroid Pesticides from Water at Low and Sub-ppt Levels at Different Temperatures

Barrionuevo

Lanças

2000

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods in Pesticide Residue Analysis

Hogendoorn

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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The important role of high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in pesticide residue analysis (PRA) is presented. Based on the experience and view of the author, a number of reliable and robust liquid chromatography (LC) approaches and methods have been selected to highlight the favorable features of this technique in this field of analysis. Reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection mode is most widely adopted, owing to its ability to perform efficient separation of very polar to apolar pesticides and the universal character of the detection mode. Therefore, a large part will deal with reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (RPLC/UV) applications showing its excellent separation performance and detectability of compounds not directly amenable to gas chromatography (GC). Another important feature of RPLC is the possibility of including sample pretreatment steps such as sample concentration and/or cleanup in the analytical procedure. The very good compatibility with aqueous samples or extracts easily permits RPLC on‐line sample loading (trace enrichment) by means of column switching, allowing fully automated procedures. It will be shown that, depending on whether the first column is a low‐ or a high‐resolution column, two different modes of column switching, solid‐phase extraction (SPE) to LC and LC to LC, are adopted in the determination of pesticides. The type of columns and materials, the advantages and the application range of both column‐switching modes is discussed in detail. Attention will be paid to method development including both the straightforward trial‐and‐error approach and more systematic method development procedures. The more selective/sensitive detection modes, fluorescence detection (FD) and mass spectrometry (MS) as applied in pesticides residue analysis will be discussed with emphasis on the increasing importance of MS for identification and quantification of polar pesticides in various types of samples. Finally, the use of LC methods involving normal‐phase liquid chromatography (NPLC), low‐resolution RPLC and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), will demonstrate the powerful sample pretreatment feature of LC prior to gas chromatographic analysis.

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Automated solid-phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography with electron-capture detection: a combination of extraction and clean-up of pyrethroids in the analysis of surface water

Cited by 43 publications

References 13 publications

Online trace enrichment to determine pyrethroids in river water by HPLC with column switching and photochemical induced fluorescence detection

Online trace enrichment to determine pyrethroids in river water by HPLC with column switching and photochemical induced fluorescence detection

Solid-Phase Microextraction of Pyrethroid Pesticides from Water at Low and Sub-ppt Levels at Different Temperatures

High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods in Pesticide Residue Analysis

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