Endometrial pathology occurs in 40% of premenopausal women, with abnormal bleeding, uterine fibroids (30%), and polyps (30%) being the most common findings [1]. The assessment of endometrial cavity can be performed by ultrasonography, contrasted hysterosalgingography (HSG), and diagnostic hysteroscopy (HCT) [2]. Diagnostic hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for assessing endometrial pathologies and congenital uterine anomalies [3]; however, it is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure [4]. Compared with diagnostic hysteroscopy, saline contrast HSG is a noninvasive procedure with similar accuracy in the diagnosis of focal endometrial pathology [5]. Three-dimensional (3D) hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) that associates second-generation agents, such as SonoVue, with new software (Coded contrast imaging; GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria) allows detailed assessment of the uterine cavity and fallopian tube patency [6].We propose a virtual hysteroscopy from 3D saline and 3D HyCoSy scan data to generate a virtual reality as a new noninvasive procedure for assessing the uterine cavity in uterine congenital anomaly and endometrial pathology cases as well as the fallopian tube patency.A 25-year-old woman with pain in the lower abdomen-type colic that increased in intensity in the last menstrual period was examined. Her menarche was at 14 years of age, and with regular menstrual periods. She had to two previous pregnancies with one term labor and one miscarriage without curettage. A 3D HyCoSy was performed with a Voluson E6 apparatus (GE, Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) equipped with an endovaginal probe (RIC 5-9D). Initially, a specific catheter for HSG (5-Fr) with a silicone balloon (1.5 mL) (Cook Medical, Spencer, IN, USA) was introduced into the cervical canal and inflated with 3-mL distilled water. In sequence, the protocol-coded contrast imaging mode was activated,
AbstractEndometrial pathology is frequent in premenopausal women and the diagnostic hysteroscopy is considered the gold standard for assessing endometrial cavity and congenital uterine anomalies. However it is an invasive and uncomfortable procedure. Saline contrast hysterosalgingography and hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography allow detailed assessment of the uterine cavity. We propose a virtual hysteroscopy from three-dimensional saline and three-dimensional hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography scan data to generate a virtual reality as a new noninvasive procedure for assessing the uterine cavity in uterine congenital anomaly and endometrial pathology cases as well