Automatic and Real-Time Identification of Breathing Pattern from Ultrasound Liver Images

Technical Note: Automatic real‐time ultrasound tracking of respiratory signal using selective filtering and dynamic template matching

“…The methods extract the breathing signal using different motion estimation techniques, such as block similarity (BS), 3 manifold learning (ML), 4,5 and template matching (TM). 6,7 BS provides real-time signal tracking capability but is usually sensitive to image noises and artifacts and not directly relevant to breathing. Although extracting more accurate signal, ML is suitable for offline applications due to its batch-processing mode.…”

“…In this paper, we present an ultrasound-based method to automatically identify the liver boundary and in real-time extract its translational motion as the respiratory signal using a dynamic template matching (DTM) method. As extension of the previous work, 6,7 our new contributions include (1) a new dynamic template matching method to estimate the respiratory motion, which features dynamic template block and dynamic search window; (2) a novel signal extraction method to optimally extract accurate the respiratory signal from motion estimation results.…”