Automatic BASED scoring on scalp EEG in children with infantile spasms using convolutional neural network

Abstract

In recent years, the Burden of Amplitudes and Epileptiform Discharges (BASED) score has been used as a reliable, accurate, and feasible electroencephalogram (EEG) grading scale for infantile spasms. However, manual EEG annotation is, in general, very time-consuming, and BASED scoring is no exception. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have proven their great potential in many EEG classification problems. However, very few research studies have focused on the use of CNNs for BASED scoring, a challenging but vital task in the diagnosis and treatment of infantile spasms. This study proposes an automatic BASED scoring framework using EEG and a deep CNN. The feasibility of using CNN for automatic BASED scoring was investigated in 36 patients with infantile spasms by annotating their long-term EEG data with four levels of the BASED score (scores 5, 4, 3, and ≤2). In the validation set, the accuracy was 96.9% by applying a multi-layer CNN to classify the EEG data as a 4-label problem. The extensive experiments have demonstrated that our proposed approach offers high accuracy and, hence, is an important step toward an automatic BASED scoring algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use a CNN to construct a BASED-based scoring model.

Applications of Deep Learning for Drug Discovery Systems with BigData

“…Deep learning is an AI technology that automatically extracts and learns features based on large amounts of data [36,37]. It essentially consists of a multilayer neural network and an algorithm that mimics human neurons, and it automatically processes and learns input data and passes them to the next layer, which consists of three or more layers; in these layers, it is possible to deepen the characteristics of the data to be learned using multiple layers of this neural network, which result in deep-learning models with extremely high accuracy, sometimes surpassing human recognition accuracy [38][39][40][41][42][43]. As a deep-learning method, the structure of a neural network is often used.…”