Automatic correction and simplification of geological maps and cross-sections for numerical simulations

Anquez, Pierre; Pellerin, Jeanne; Irakarama, Modeste; Cupillard, Paul; Lévy, Bruno; Caumon, Guillaume

doi:10.1016/j.crte.2018.12.001

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Ideally, post-regularization should also consider the surface area of contacts and their topology. This could be followed by, for instance, a 3-D extension of the geological model-editing approach of Anquez et al (2019) to produce genuine geological models honouring age relationships, stratigraphic principles, etc. Provided that the resulting models honour Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using geological rules as a constraint relies on finding those that are restrictive (such as the youngest unit never being in contact with the oldest) rather than permissive (such as the intruding dyke). Thiele et al (2016), Pellerin et al (2017) and Anquez et al (2019) show how these can constrain parametric geological modelling. It is therefore important to honour geological rules if known and include them in classification schemes such as those to ensure that geological plausibility is not compromised in pursuit of an otherwise petrophysically and geophysically consistent model.…”

Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards plausible lithological classification from geophysical inversion: honouring geological principles in subsurface imaging

et al. 2020

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Abstract. We propose a methodology for the recovery of lithologies from geological and geophysical modelling results and apply it to field data. Our technique relies on classification using self-organizing maps (SOMs) paired with geoscientific consistency checks and uncertainty analysis. In the procedure we develop, the SOM is trained using prior geological information in the form of geological uncertainty, the expected spatial distribution of petrophysical properties and constrained geophysical inversion results. We ensure local geological plausibility in the lithological model recovered from classification by enforcing basic topological rules through a process called “post-regularization”. This prevents the three-dimensional recovered lithological model from violating elementary geological principles while maintaining geophysical consistency. Interpretation of the resulting lithologies is complemented by the estimation of the uncertainty associated with the different nodes of the trained SOM. The application case we investigate uses data and models from the Yerrida Basin (Western Australia). Our results generally corroborate previous models of the region but they also suggest that the structural setting in some areas needs to be updated. In particular, our results suggest the thinning of one of the greenstone belts in the area may be related to a deep structure not sampled by surface geological measurements and which was absent in previous geological models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards plausible lithological classification from geophysical inversion: honouring geological principles in subsurface imaging

et al. 2020

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show abstract

“…Ideally, post-regularisation should also consider the surface area of contacts and their topology. This could be followed by, for instance, a 3D extension of the geological modelediting approach of (Anquez et al, 2019) to produce genuine geological models honouring age relationships, stratigraphic principles, etc. Provided that models obtained in this fashion honour equation 9, this would ensure 15 that while they are geophysically valid, they can be readily used for interpretation or by commercial or noncommercial geological modelling engines, reservoir simulations, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also evident that the modelling of lithology (or facies) is sensitive to a broad range of parameters and that 15 their characterization relies on properties that are the results of complex, non-linear physical processes. In this context, one possible solution is to use neural networks for lithological classification as they are "universal approximators" (van der Baan and Jutten, 2000 ). As a consequence, however, lithological classification is affected by uncertainty from the data used to train and validate the algorithm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards geologically reasonable lithological classification from integrated geophysical inverse modelling: methodology and application case

Giraud

Lindsay

Jessell

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. We propose a methodology for the recovery of lithologies from geological and geophysical modelling results and apply it field data. Our technique relies on classification using self-organizing maps (SOM) paired with geoscientific consistency checks and uncertainty analysis. In the procedure we develop, the SOM is trained using prior geological information in the form of geological uncertainty, the expected spatial distribution of petrophysical properties, and constrained geophysical inversion results. We ensure local geological plausibility in the lithological model recovered from classification by enforcing basic topological rules through a process called post-regularisation. This prevents the three-dimensional lithological model from violating elementary geological principles while maintaining geophysical consistency. Interpretation of the resulting lithologies is complemented by the estimation of the uncertainty associated to the different nodes of the trained SOM. The application case we investigate uses data and models from the Yerrida Basin (Western Australia). Our results generally corroborate previous models of the region but they also suggest that the structural setting in some areas need to be updated. In particular, our results suggest the thinning of one of the greenstone belts in the area may be related to a deep structure not sampled by surface geological measurements and which was absent in previous geological models.

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Consistent treatment of shear failure in embedded discrete fracture models using XFVM

Conti,

Deb,

Matthäi

et al. 2023

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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Understanding deformations and fluid flow in fractured rocks is of central importance for many subsurface flow applications. Thus, numerical frameworks are needed that capture the coupled mechanical and hydraulic behaviour, including scenarios with complex fracture networks. This paper employs the extended finite volume method to represent fracture manifolds in a poroelastic matrix domain and to compute shear and tensile displacements of fracture segments. However, using embedded fractures with non‐conforming grids can lead to severe convergence issues while computing shear slip and tensile opening of intersecting and parallel fractures, particularly if they have similar slopes. Our proposed solution of this problem is to slightly deform the fracture geometry by merging critical segments. We discuss and show examples of which attributes the merged segment has to adopt to ensure the correct slip behaviour at an intersection. Thereby it is crucial that the flow topology remains unaltered. Analysing failures of kinked fractures and fracture intersections show the flexibility of the devised algorithm. Moreover, it is demonstrated that deformation and opening patterns of a natural network with more than 200 fractures are qualitatively predicted very well. This method is a simple solution to treat multiple fracture segments in a grid cell, hence it can be used for any model embedding fractures in non‐conforming grids.

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Automatic correction and simplification of geological maps and cross-sections for numerical simulations

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Towards plausible lithological classification from geophysical inversion: honouring geological principles in subsurface imaging

Towards plausible lithological classification from geophysical inversion: honouring geological principles in subsurface imaging

Towards geologically reasonable lithological classification from integrated geophysical inverse modelling: methodology and application case

Consistent treatment of shear failure in embedded discrete fracture models using XFVM

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