Automatic Design of a Cascoded-Inverter-Based Charge-Sensitive Amplifier Using gm/I_D Technique and Particle Swarm Optimization in 28 nm CMOS

A prototype Radiation Energy Measuring Integrated Circuit with an asynchronous current-pulse reset block providing analog-to-digital conversion in 28 nm CMOS

“…The analog part is equipped with a cascoded-inverter-based charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) [9], responsible for processing signals generated either by the incoming photons or by the current source I DIS used in the energy-to-digital conversion mode. However, since the current version of the IC is a prototype without the possibility of connecting a pixel sensor, the incoming photons can be mimicked thanks to the calibration voltage V CAL , which via the calibration capacitor C CAL generates a charge of C CAL ×V CAL at the CSA input.…”