Automatic Detection of Fetal Abnormality Using Head and Abdominal Circumference

Toward deep observation: A systematic survey on artificial intelligence techniques to monitor fetus via ultrasound images

“…For diagnosis of fetal growth disease, image classification along with segmentation were used in (n= 2, 1.86%) studies using 2D US. In ( Gadagkar and Shreedhara, 2014 ; Rawat et al., 2016 ), segmentation of the region of interest (ROI), followed by classification to diagnosis (IUGR) (normal versus abnormal) were carried out. This was done by using US images taken in both second and third trimesters of pregnancy.…”

“…ANN is the cut edge between ML and DL ( Chauhan and Singh, 2019 ). As seen in Figure 4 , ANN was used in (n = 7, 6.5%) studies ( Anjit and Rishidas, 2011 ; Bagi and Shreedhara, 2014 ; Dave and Nadiad, 2015 ; Gadagkar and Shreedhara, 2014 ; Maysanjaya et al., 2014 ; Rawat et al., 2016 ; Wee et al., 2010 ). ANN models were used for the identification of growth diseases ( Bagi and Shreedhara, 2014 ; Gadagkar and Shreedhara, 2014 ; Rawat et al., 2016 ), fetus gender ( Maysanjaya et al., 2014 ), facial expressions ( Dave and Nadiad, 2015 ), face anatomical landmarks (Nasal Bone) ( Anjit and Rishidas, 2011 ), and anatomical structures (nuchal translucency (NT)) ( Wee et al., 2010 ).…”

A review of image processing methods for fetal head and brain analysis in ultrasound images

“…Other works proposed Gradient Vector Flow (GVF) to drive the active contour. In Rawat et al [65] , binarization is firstly applied to the image, and the final segmentation is obtained using a GVF computed from the image edge map. GVF was also studied by Rong et al [66] , were the gradient maps are inferred using a CNN.…”

Automated Techniques for the Interpretation of Fetal Abnormalities: A Review

“…Khashman and Curtis [ 77 , 78 ] proposed the neural network model for edge detection of the fetal head and abdomen automatically. Previously, the backpropagation algorithm is applied for detection of fetal anomaly based on the head and abdominal circumference [ 79 ]. In 2011, Anjit et al [ 80 ] proposed the ANN model for extraction of the fetal parameter of the nasal bone region of US images.…”