Automatic generation control of multi source power generation under deregulated environment

Summary The present work primarily addresses a maiden application of fractional order calculus‐based cascade tilt‐integral–tilt‐integral‐derivative (CC‐TI‐TID) controller in load frequency control of deregulated power systems. Simultaneously, an efficiency test of a recently introduced water cycle algorithm (WCA) in obtaining optimal setting of CC‐TI‐TID controller is also investigated. In the proposed controller, TID controller acts as a slave controller, while TI controller played a role of master controller. Performance test of the proposed controller in stabilizing system frequency of a deregulated four‐area power system is carried out. In view of the above, firstly, superiority of WCA over other studied algorithms such as genetic algorithm, differential evolution, and teaching‐learning–based optimization techniques is established considering the proposed CC‐TI‐TID controller‐assisted four‐area power system. Secondly, comparative performance among WCA tuned proposed CC‐TI‐TID, CC‐PI‐TD, and PID controllers are explored in terms of chosen objective function, performance indices, settling time, and peak deviations. The comparative results obtained reveal that WCA tuned CC‐TI‐TID controller outperforms the others. Further, to check the robustness of the CC‐TI‐TID controller, sensitivity analysis is performed by varying Disco participation matrix.

T_{PID} ((), s) = K_{p} + \frac{K_{i_{1}}}{s} + K_{d} \frac{Ns}{N + s},

U ((), s) = ((), K_{p} + \frac{K_{i_{1}}}{s} + K_{d} \frac{Ns}{N + s}) \times normalΔ italicACE,

where

K_{i_{1}}

, K p , K d and N are referred as the integral, proportional, derivative, and filter coefficients, respectively.…”

Section: Studied Dps Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maiden application of cascade tilt‐integral‐derivative controller in load frequency control of deregulated power system

Kumari

Shankar²

2019

“…However, an integral control method in such systems illustrates poor dynamic performance in terms of oscillation and steady‐state frequency deviation. Also, proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers as famous conventional controllers have been widely used in LFC and can be easily designed for the numerous practical usages . However, these types of controllers are very sensitive to external disturbances and parameter uncertainties applied to the system and, also, quickly respond to any slight changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fractional order fuzzy PID for load frequency control of four-area interconnected power system using biogeography-based optimization

Mohammadikia

Aliasghary

2018

Summary In this study, a fractional order fuzzy proportional‐integral‐derivative (FOFPID) controller is designed for load frequency control of four‐area interconnected power systems. The model of system consists of three reheat thermal turbine units (Area1, Area2, and Area3) and one hydro power plant (Area4). Therefore, the proposed controller (with same and different parameters) is employed for the first three zones, and different controller parameters are considered for Area4 due to existence of hydro turbine. In order to minimize frequency and power tie‐line deviations in the system, biogeography‐based optimization (BBO) algorithm is utilized to tune controller parameters. Finally, the proposed technique is compared with three different controllers including PID, fuzzy PID (FPID), and fractional order PID. For a fair comparison, the parameters of aforesaid controllers are also tuned by BBO algorithm. The results of different simulation cases indicate that the FOFPID controller has a superior performance and transient response compared with the other approaches against various load disturbances.

“…In the available literature, AGC scenario has been analyzed for more than three decades before deregulation by considering a linearized model of multiarea thermal power system neglecting the effect of dead band, generation rate constraint (GRC), and time delay . Automatic generation control model after deregulation was explained by various authors . After deregulation, size and complexity of power system increased immensely, and power flow through tie line increases much fold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit fly algorithm-based automatic generation control of multiarea interconnected power system with FACTS and AC/DC links in deregulated power environment

Shankar

Kumar

Raj

et al. 2018

Summary This paper focuses on automatic generation control (AGC) in deregulated environment for the multiarea interconnected power system. Each area consists of different kind of generating sources like thermal, hydro, and gas, each having different characteristics with physical constraint likes governor dead band and generation rate constraint. Loads are divided among different generator using the concept of economic load dispatch. The AC/DC links has been installed in all areas as well as unified power flow controller (UPFC) in tie lines to mitigate the effect of oscillation and to improve the system response. Thus, a more systematic and synchronized control of AGC with UPFC and AC/DC links has been proposed. Small signal stability of each area has been analyzed for finding out the oscillation states of the studied system. The proposed controller is optimized through Fruit Fly Algorithm, and its promising results reveal that the proposed controller is more efficient and effective in all different power transaction modes of restructured scenario.