Automatic Nematode Detection in Cod Fillets (Gadus Morhua) by Transillumination Hyperspectral Imaging

Abstract

Traditional quality control of cod fillets is currently made by manual inspection on candling tables. This is a time consuming and expensive operation, contributing to a significant share of the cost with cod fillet production. In this study, transillumination hyperspectral imaging was implemented as a method for automatic nematode detection in cod fillets moving on a conveyer belt, and evaluated on industrially processed cod fillets. An overall detection rate of 58% of all nematodes (N= 922), with detection rate of 71% and 46% for dark and pale nematodes, respectively, is reported. This is comparable, or better, than what is reported for manual inspection under industrial conditions. The false alarm rate was high, with 60% of the fillets reported with one or more false alarms. These results show that the method is promising, but needs further refinements to reduce the false alarm rate and increase the imaging speed from 25 to 400 mm/s. Practical Application: Manual inspection of cod fillets is a huge bottleneck for the industry, accounting for half the production cost with cod fillet processing and reducing the processing speed. Transillumination hyperspectral imaging has the potential to reduce the manual labor required for cod fillet inspection and hence reduce the cost and increase the end product quality.

Selection of Informative Spectral Wavelength for Evaluating and Visualising Enterobacteriaceae Contamination of Salmon Flesh

“…In recent years, hyperspectral imaging has been used as an analytical tool for quality assessment of fish products such as flesh tenderness evaluation (He et al 2014a), fat determination (ElMasry and Wold 2008), water-holding capacity measurement (Wu and Sun 2013d;Zhu et al 2012) and freshness identification (Sone et al 2012). Besides, hyperspectral imaging has also been used for microbial evaluation in meat (Peng et al 2009(Peng et al , 2011Tao et al 2012;Teena et al 2013), contamination in fruits (Liu et al 2007) and parasite detection in fish fillets (Sivertsen et al 2011). In this study, the main objective of this study was to explore the potential of hyperspectral imaging for rapid determination of Enterobacteriaceae in farmed salmon flesh during cold storage.…”

Hyperspectral imaging (hsi): applications in animal and dairy sector

“…In 2006, the technique was first applied for moisture and texture prediction (Casas et al, 2006), and then in 2010, it was used for determination of fat distribution in fishes (Elmasry & Sun, 2010). Since then, the technique has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional analytical methods for rapid non-destructive prediction of nematode contamination (Sivertsen et al, 2011a;Sivertsen et al,2012;Coelho et al, 2013) Sivertsen et al, 2011a;Sivertsen et al, 2012).Researchers have also established HIS based automated systems for nematode detection in full size cod filets operating at a belt speed of 25 mm/s (Sivertsen et al, 2011a) and 400 mm/s to meet the industrial requirements.…”

“…Recently, HSI has emerged as a potential non-destructive technique for food quality evaluation and has gained interest for meat & meat products analysis. Many studies are now focusing on HSI technology for safety and quality assessment of animal products.HSI has now opened up new avenues for non-destructive prediction of multiple attributes for quality and safety analysis of animal products such as meat (Kamruzzaman et al, 2011), fish (Sivertsen et al, 2011a), egg (Abdel-Nour & Ngadi, 2011) and milk (Qin & Lu,2006).…”

Hyperspectral image applied to determine quality parameters in leafy vegetables

“…Although many applications used hyperspectral imaging systems in reflectance mode, transmission mode was more popular in detecting nematode (Sivertsen et al, 2012;Sivertsen et al, 2011a). Recently, a system capable of automatic detection of nematodes in full size cod filets was presented at a belt speed of 25 mm/s (Sivertsen et al, 2011a). The performance of the system was comparable to manual detection on candling tables.…”

“…Hyperspectral imaging was used for detecting fish ridge and nematodes in filets (ElMasry and Sun, 2010). Although many applications used hyperspectral imaging systems in reflectance mode, transmission mode was more popular in detecting nematode (Sivertsen et al, 2012;Sivertsen et al, 2011a). Recently, a system capable of automatic detection of nematodes in full size cod filets was presented at a belt speed of 25 mm/s (Sivertsen et al, 2011a).…”