“…In the early stage, the studies of precipitation intensity estimation using monitoring-based images utilized image processing techniques, such as foreground extraction [34], the morphological component analysis [35], and matrix decomposition [36], to extract rain streaks from the monitoring-based images, used to remove/identify rain streaks from the images. Then, studies use various methods, such as counting [37], neural networks (NN) [38], support vector machines (SVM) [39], and training the identification model for estimating precipitation intensity. These studies utilize the computer vision technique to classify the monitoring-based images for the precipitation intensity estimation.…”