Synopsis
The use of MR guidance for endovascular intervention is appealing due to its lack of ionizing radiation, high-contrast visualization of vessel walls and adjacent soft tissues, multiplanar capabilities, and potential to incorporate functional information such as flow, fluid dynamics, perfusion, or cardiac motion. Concurrent advances in the design of “real-time” MR fluoroscopy pulse sequences and the development of MR compatible endovascular devices have facilitated progress from initial in vitro and animal feasibility studies of the initial use of MR guidance for endovascular interventions to human clinical applications. This review highlights current state-of-the-art imaging techniques and hardware used for passive tracking of endovascular devices in interventional MRI, including negative contrast, passive contrast, non-proton multispectral, and direct current techniques. The advantages and disadvantages of passive tracking relative to active tracking are also summarized.