Automatic testing system to evaluate the energy efficiency of electric storage water heaters

Abstract

Background: The energy efficiency of electric storage water heaters is a concern for enterprises and customers because it is beneficial for energy saving. To decrease the workload of testing personnel and improve the testing efficiency, an automatic testing system for evaluating the energy efficiency performance of electric storage water heaters has been designed. Methods: The complete testing system includes a water supply subsystem, hot water outlet subsystem, hardware subsystem, and software subsystem. An application program was developed using Visual Basic to acquire the sensor data and transmit it in real time to a database server. The energy efficiency evaluating process was controlled by the application software,by combining the data acquisition technology, communication technology, and program logical control technology. Results: The designed system can run automatically and achieve reliable tests, two important parameters including the standing loss per 24 h and the hot water withdrawal rate were obtained. Conclusion: This system can be applied to evaluate the energy efficiency grades of electric storage water heaters.

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Key Parameters of Proton‐conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells from the Perspective of Coherence with Models

“…In the classical SOFC, steam is generated directly by the electrochemical processes at the anode, while in an H+SOFC steam is generated at the cathode, excluding any option of the cell being fed pure hydrocarbon fuel. This gives a potential application for hydrogen based energy storage systems [27][28][29] which can be combined with thermal energy storage [29][30][31][32] as an alternative to other energy storage technologies [33][34][35]. Sourcing hydrogen is currently done mainly through the steam reforming of methane, which does not readily lend itself to inclusion in renewable technology sys- tems.…”