Automating the design of high-recirculation airlift reactors using a blackboard framework

Sanders, David; Hudson, Adam; Tewkesbury, Giles; Mason, S. E.

doi:10.1016/s0957-4174(99)00065-2

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Empirical correlations forecast the transfer of masses between the gas and fluid phases throughout the "U" tube [10] and they predict flow [11,12]. The research described here did not consider operating transients or control systems as it was intended to improve the prediction of steady state performance at the design points.…”

Section: Figure 1 Here a High-recirculation Airlift-reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three fluid flow rates were carefully chosen. They ranged from 0.2 x the reactor  area to 0.8  reactor area [12,13]. That provided a series of fluid velocities from about 0.5 ms -1 to 2ms -1 ; the normal range that produced a functioning design.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locate_Point determines the operating point after the apex has been found. The curve, Y = a (x) 2 + b (x) + c was computed from the original three circulation rates and was employed in calculating depth of injection at the apex [11,12]. It was then possible to apply the stability criterion to locate the operating point relative to the apex.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

New method to design large-scale high-recirculation airlift reactors

Sanders

2017

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highlights: Fast and efficient methods are presented for designing High-Recirculation Airlift-Reactors.  Two-phase flow of water and air is modelled.  Improvements are made by refining steady-state models of fluid dynamics.  Solutions are produced by varying superficial gas velocity.  Solutions are produced by simultaneously varying down-comer and riser diameters.ABSTRACT: High-Recirculation Airlift-Reactors (HRARs) are efficient. They use air to push a mixture around the reactor and to provide oxygen for biological micro-organisms. HRARs have been designed using programs created in the 1970s by ICI. They are limited in functionality and accuracy and need significant expert interpretation. This paper describes the creation of new structured methods that are faster and more efficient and replace the ICI methods. Models used for the calculations and the way in which they were implemented are described. The paper then describes improvements to design by analysing and improving the steady-state models of fluid dynamics within a HRAR. The models also delivered information about reactor design, especially which parameters to modify to reach a steady state result. Two-phase flow of water and air is modelled and applied to HRARs. Tests evaluated the models and some results are included. They show that varying superficial gas velocity or simultaneously varying down comer and riser diameters can create a steady-state solution. Mathematical models are used to forecast steady-state situations in the HRAR for specific gas or liquid flow rates and for various constructions. Experimental relationships forecast mass transfers between gas and liquid phases and they predict flow.

show abstract

Section: Figure 1 Here a High-recirculation Airlift-reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New method to design large-scale high-recirculation airlift reactors

Sanders

2017

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,3,5,8,[11][12][13] Systems have tended to be open loop. Intelligent systems [40][41][42][43][44] required sensors, 45,46 and control algorithms 47-50 that could process information from a tele-operator and sensors and use this information to assist the tele-operator. Common disturbances include differences in mobile-robot wheels or tractors or their different reaction to surfaces and/or gradients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of successes and failures with a tele-operated mobile robot in various modes of operation

Sanders

Stott²,

Robinson

et al. 2011

Robotica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect on failure rates of the way tele-operators interact with mobile robots is investigated. Human tele-operators attempted to move a robot through progressively more complicated environments with reducing gaps, as quickly as possible. Tele-operators used a joystick and either watched robots, while operating them, or used a computer screen to view scenes remotely. Cameras were either mounted on the robot to view the space ahead of the robot or mounted remotely so that they viewed both the environment and robot. Tele-operators completed tests both with and without sensors. Both an umbilical cable and a radio link were used.

show abstract

“…Machine Intelligence combines a wide variety of advanced technologies to give machines an ability to learn, adapt, make decisions and display new behaviours [1,3] . This is achieved using technologies such as neural networks [10][11][12][13][14] , expert systems [15][16][17][18] , self-organizing maps [2,19] , fuzzy logic [3,20] and genetic algorithms [1,21] and that machine intelligence technology has been developed through its application to many areas, such as: assembly [3,13,22,23] , building modelling [3,24,25] , computer vision [13,[26][27][28][29][30] , environmental engineering [2,[31][32][33][34][35] , human-computer interaction [12,14,[36][37][38] , internet use [39,40] , powered-wheelchair assistance [41][42][43][44] , maintenance and inspection ...…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing AI into MEMS can lead us to brain-computer interfaces and super-human intelligence

Sanders¹

2009

Assembly Automation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Last year I spoke about the progress being made in machine intelligence [1] and with sensors and networks of sensors [2] . Earlier this year (in this journal) I spoke about ambient-intelligence, rapidprototyping and the role of humans in the factories of the future [3] . I addressed new applications and technologies such as merging machines with human beings, micro-electromechanics, electromechanical systems that can be personalized, smarter than human intelligence and swarms of smart sensors. Although the research to get us to all that will include human-machine interfaces, sensors, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Ambient Intelligence (AmI), there is one technology above all others that has the potential to get us there fast… and that is the creation and development of intelligent micro-electromechanical machines (MEMS).

show abstract

Automating the design of high-recirculation airlift reactors using a blackboard framework

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

New method to design large-scale high-recirculation airlift reactors

New method to design large-scale high-recirculation airlift reactors

Analysis of successes and failures with a tele-operated mobile robot in various modes of operation

Introducing AI into MEMS can lead us to brain-computer interfaces and super-human intelligence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About