Automation and applications of the tolerance limit method in estimating meat withdrawal periods for veterinary drugs

Udiani, O.; Mason, Sharon E.; Smith, Geof W.; Mzyk, Danielle A.; Gehring, Ronette; Tell, Lisa A.; Riviere, Jim E.; Baynes, Ronald E.

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.02.005

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The results allow the possibility of new commercial opportunities since drug residues must be under MRLs established by national and international regulations and the trade agreements increasingly require stricter controls and are essential for international markets. In addition, a food with traces of veterinary drug residues below the maximum allowed limits is considered safe ( Udiani et al., 2018 ), and taking into account that the eating habits of consumers are migrating towards products free of chemical pollutants ( Moreno & Lanusse, 2017 ), people are now looking not only for compliance with the regulatory requirements but also at foods with lower levels of these compounds. Therefore, the levels found below the accepted limits are considered to have a competitive advantage for the country.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metals in bovine meat from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia), a promising step forward towards international commercialization

Molina

Vargas

Berdugo

et al. 2021

Veterinary and Animal Science

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Highlights Residues of veterinary drugs in samples of beef from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia) were found below the maximum limits allowed by national and international regulations (European Union). Cadmium and lead content in samples of bovine cuts from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia) were found below the maximum permissible limits of national and international regulation (European Union). There were no differences in the loin and neck cut meat samples, fulfilling the applicable legal requirements for both cases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metals in bovine meat from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia), a promising step forward towards international commercialization

Molina

Vargas

Berdugo

et al. 2021

Veterinary and Animal Science

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“…These singularities, related to the different MRLs, procedures for calculating WP, and drug tissue residue data considered, have been demonstrated. When Udiani et al [38] estimated the WP for veterinary drugs, such as sulfamethazine in swine liver [35] and flunixin in calf liver [26], different values were obtained depending on the data and the MRL taken into account. In the same way, tissue residue levels of florfenicol and tylosin in different tissues were considered to determine the WP by the linear regression method with both recommendations (FDA and EU), and different values were obtained [39].…”

Section: Lack Of Global Harmonization: Mrls/tolerances and Withdrawal Periodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

Cantón

Lanusse

Moreno

2021

Animals

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Drugs are used in veterinary medicine to prevent or treat animal diseases. When rationally administered to livestock following Good Veterinary Practices (GVP), they greatly contribute to improving the production of food of animal origin. Since humans can be exposed chronically to veterinary drugs through the diet, residues in food are evaluated for effects following chronic exposures. Parameters such as an acceptable daily intake (ADI), the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), maximum residue limits (MRLs), and the withdrawal periods (WPs) are determined for each drug used in livestock. Drug residues in food exceeding the MRLs usually appear when failing the GVP application. Different factors related either to the treated animal or to the type of drug administration, and even the type of cooking can affect the level of residues in edible tissues. Residues above the MRLs can have a diverse negative impact, mainly on the consumer’s health, and favor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Drug residue monitoring programmes are crucial to ensure that prohibited or authorized substances do not exceed MRLs. This comprehensive review article addresses different aspects of drug residues in edible tissues produced as food for human consumption and provides relevant information contributing to rational pharmacotherapy in food-producing animals.

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Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of plant-based treatments in milk and plasma of USDA organic dairy cattle with and without mastitis

Mason

Mullen

Washburn

et al. 2018

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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Organic dairy products are the second largest sector of the organic food market. Organic dairy products come from United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) certified organic dairy cattle that meet USDA organic standards. Organic dairy cattle in the US cannot be treated with antibiotics for mastitis, one of the costliest diseases of dairy cattle, and thus effective alternatives are needed. When any compound (medication or other non-food product) is used in a food producing animal, a withhold time for that compound that meets US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards for food safety must be applied to the animal and its products (like milk). However, there are no US FDA products approved for mastitis that maintain USDA certified organic dairy cattle's organic status. Thus, we studied the pharmacokinetics of 3 compounds (garlic, thymol and carvacrol) used on organic both healthy and mastitic organic dairy cattle. We also used this information to estimate a milk withhold time using methods consistent with US FDA requirements. For thymol intra-mammary and carvacrol intra-mammary or topical administration, all compounds were partially absorbed into the body from the milk or skin. Thymol and carvacrol are measurable in plasma (at 0.0183 and 0.0202 µg/mL, respectively) after intramammary administration with similar elimination half lives of 1.7 h. Milk concentrations of thymol and carvacrol are much higher at 2.958 and 4.487 µg/mL in healthy cattle, respectively. Concentrations are not significantly different in cows with mastitis as compared to those in healthy cows. Despite these compounds being natural products, they should have a withhold time for milk of at least 24 h after administration. For garlic, levels remained below the limit of detection in milk and plasma and thus no withdrawal time appears to be needed for milk.

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Automation and applications of the tolerance limit method in estimating meat withdrawal periods for veterinary drugs

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metals in bovine meat from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia), a promising step forward towards international commercialization

Residues of veterinary drugs and heavy metals in bovine meat from Urabá (Antioquia, Colombia), a promising step forward towards international commercialization

Rational Pharmacotherapy in Infectious Diseases: Issues Related to Drug Residues in Edible Animal Tissues

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of plant-based treatments in milk and plasma of USDA organic dairy cattle with and without mastitis

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