Automobile injury trends in the contemporary fleet: Belted occupants in frontal collisions

Forman, Jason; Poplin, Gerald S.; Shaw, Christopher; McMurry, Timothy L.; Schmidt, Kristin; Ash, Joseph; Sunnevång, Cecilia

doi:10.1080/15389588.2019.1630825

Cited by 102 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A study of aviation-related fatalities in 1980 and 1990 demonstrated that 42% of fatalities had multiple injuries, 12% had internal injuries, and 22% had head injuries, but the study did not provide further details on types of internal injuries (Li and Baker, 1997). Upper and lower extremities were the most commonly injured body regions among MVC victims with at least one AIS 2+ injury (Forman et al, 2019;Ye et al, 2015;Poplin et al, 2015). However, Mallory et al (2017) demonstrated injury distributions similar to our analysis, with higher injury rates in the thorax than other AIS body regions for most types of MVC impacts (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The thorax and lower extremity body regions had the highest frequency of injuries of at least moderate severity. First described by Forman et al (2019), our analysis also provided a more detailed injury classi cation of moderate or worse (AIS 2+) injuries in order to help characterize crash biomechanics and identify potential areas of enhanced safety design. For example, as opposed to the AIS body region category "lower extremity", by distinguishing between leg and pelvic injury severities, one may begin to narrow the impact points and pathways of force distribution, which in theory should help identify the likely biomechanics of injury and target more focused intervention strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Fatal Injuries in Oil and Gas Industry-Related Helicopter Accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

Yeoman

O'Connor

Sochor

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Transportation events are the most common cause of offshore fatalities in the oil and gas industry, of which helicopter accidents comprise the majority. Little is known about injury distributions in civilian helicopter crashes, and knowledge of injury distributions could focus research and recommendations for enhanced injury prevention and post-crash survival. This study describes the distribution of injuries among fatalities in Gulf of Mexico oil and gas industry-related helicopter accidents, provides a detailed injury classification to identify potential areas of enhanced safety design, and describes relevant safety features for mitigation of common injuries.Methods: Decedents of accidents during 2004–2014 were identified, and autopsy reports were requested from responsible jurisdictions. Documented injuries were coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and frequency and proportion of injuries by AIS body region and severity were calculated. Injuries were categorized into detailed body regions to target areas for prevention.Results: A total of 35 autopsies were coded, with 568 injuries documented. Of these, 23.4% were lower extremity, 22.0% were thorax, 13.6% were upper extremity, and 13.4% were face injuries. Minor injuries were most prevalent in the face, neck, upper and lower extremities, and abdomen. Serious or worse injuries were most prevalent in the thorax (53.6%), spine (50.0%), head (41.7%), and external/other regions (75.0%). The most frequent injuries by detailed body regions were thoracic organ (23.0%), thoracic skeletal (13.3%), abdominal organ (9.6%), and leg injuries (7.4%). Drowning occurred in 13 (37.1%) of victims, and drowning victims had a higher proportion of moderate brain injuries (7.8%) and lower number of documented injuries (3.8) compared with non-drowning victims (2.9% and 9.4%, respectively).Conclusions: Knowledge of injury distributions focuses and prioritizes the need for additional safety features not routinely used in helicopters. The most frequent injuries occurred in the thorax and lower extremity regions. Future research requires improved and expanded data, including collection of detailed data to allow characterization of both injury mechanism and distribution. Improved safety systems including airbags and helmets should be implemented and evaluated for their impact on injuries and fatalities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fatal Injuries in Oil and Gas Industry-Related Helicopter Accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

Yeoman

O'Connor

Sochor

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another modern car safety system aiming at avoiding or mitigating crashes is Autonomous Emergency Braking, which has been shown to dramatically reduce road traffic casualties 63,64 . Furthermore, older car occupants involved in a crash have been found to have a higher risk of injury compared to younger 65,66 , and women have been found to have a higher injury risk compared to men 67,68 .…”

Section: Factors Influencing Injury Risk and Its Long-term Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With an ageing population, these injuries will be increasingly common in future years if no intervention is implemented, which addresses them. Furthermore, these injuries have not decreased over the recent decades, but rather remained on a similar frequency 67 or even increased 133 . This warrants further studies on consequences of spinal injuries in this age group, and how to effectively prevent them.…”

Section: Sociodemographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickness absence, disability pension and permanent medical impairment among 64 000 injured car occupants of working ages: A two-year prospective cohort study

Elrud

Friberg

Alexanderson

et al. 2019

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…However, a direct listing of speci c AIS codes would be overly detailed. Similar to a recent investigation of injury trends in belted MVC occupants, injuries of moderate or worse severity (AIS 2+) were classi ed into one detailed body region category based on research from anatomy, injury biomechanics, and injury epidemiology in order to help identify focused areas of prevention and control (Forman et al, 2019). Moderate or worse (AIS 2+) injuries were chosen for this classi cation system because critical injuries that cause morbidity and mortality and are preventable through engineering designs are included in these severity categories.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Fatal Injuries in Oil and Gas Industry-Related Helicopter Accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

Yeoman

O'Connor

Poplin

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Transportation events are the most common cause of offshore fatalities in the oil and gas industry, and helicopter accidents comprise the majority of transportation events. Little is known about injury distributions in civilian helicopter crashes, and helicopter passengers continue to die in crashes that are considered survivable. Knowledge of injury distributions could focus research and recommendations for injury prevention and post-crash survival. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of injuries among fatalities in oil and gas industry-related helicopter accidents in the Gulf of Mexico. Methods: Pilots and passengers of accidents during 2004–2014 were identified from government records and media reports. Autopsy reports were requested from the responsible jurisdictions. Each documented injury was coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and frequency and proportion of injuries by AIS body region and severity were calculated. Injuries were also categorized into more detailed body regions to identify focused areas of prevention and control. Results: Minor injuries were most prevalent in the face, neck, upper and lower extremities, and abdomen. Serious or worse injuries were most prevalent in the thorax, spine, head, and external/other regions. The most frequent injuries by detailed body regions were thoracic organ, thoracic skeletal, abdominal organ, and leg injuries. Drowning occurred in 37.1% of victims.Conclusions: The proportion of minor, moderate, and severe or worse injuries differed by body region, and the most frequent injuries occurred in the thorax and lower extremity regions.

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Automobile injury trends in the contemporary fleet: Belted occupants in frontal collisions

Cited by 102 publications

References 15 publications

Characterization of Fatal Injuries in Oil and Gas Industry-Related Helicopter Accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

Characterization of Fatal Injuries in Oil and Gas Industry-Related Helicopter Accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

Sickness absence, disability pension and permanent medical impairment among 64 000 injured car occupants of working ages: A two-year prospective cohort study

Characterization of Fatal Injuries in Oil and Gas Industry-Related Helicopter Accidents in the Gulf of Mexico, 2004–2014

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