Automotive Exhaust Treatment1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chapter.

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Origin of Emissions Importance of Road Transport Legislation History Present and Future Measurement of Emissions Passenger Cars and Light Duty Vehicles Heavy Duty Trucks and Buses Technology to Meet Legislation Spark‐Ignition Engines Compression‐Ignition Engines Catalytic Systems for Gasoline‐Fueled, Indirect Injection Spark‐Ignition Engines Introduction Engine‐Out Emissions Reactions Emission Control Concepts Aspects of Three‐Way Catalyst Design General Aspects Bead Catalysts Ceramic Monolithic Substrates Metallic Monolithic Substrates Washcoat Precious Metals Aspects of Three‐Way Catalyst Performance Introduction Measurement of Catalyst Performance Influence of Catalyst Operating Conditions Influence of Substrate and Converter Design Influence of Catalyst Formulation Deactivation of Three‐Way Catalysts Introduction Assessment of Durability Selected Deactivation Phenomena Future Developments and Concepts Catalytic Systems for Gasoline‐Fueled Direct Injection Spark‐Ignition Engines Introduction Aspects of Operation of NO x ‐Adsorber Systems Aspects of Deactivation of NO x ‐Adsorber Systems Catalytic Systems for Diesel‐Fueled Compression‐Ignition Engines Introduction Diesel Oxidation Catalysts Aspects of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Design Aspects of Deactivation Future Developments and Concepts Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filter Systems Aspects of Diesel Filter System Design Aspects of Filter System Operation Diesel NO x ‐Reduction Systems Introduction HC ‐ De NO x ‐Systems Diesel NO x ‐adsorber systems SCR Systems Future Developments and Concepts Conclusions and Outlook Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations and Symbols

Size- and Structure-specificity in Catalysis by Gold Clusters

“…In particular, noble metals such as Pd and Pt are used not only for chemical synthesis but also for automotive exhaust gas treatment. 1 Automotive catalysts occupy about half of the total sales of catalysts in the world market. Accordingly, the influence of metal particle size on the catalytic properties has attracted growing interests from the point of view of fundamental science and of economics for commercialization.…”

The dynamics of overlayer formation on catalyst nanoparticles and strong metal-support interaction

“…ne of the most important class of catalysts, due to its high activity, is noble metal nanoparticles stabilized on oxide supports. They find use in a broad range of applications: in fuel cells, the treatment of exhaust gas, energy conversion, petrochemistry, and the production of fine chemicals 1,2 . In the early days of catalysis research, oxide carriers were considered to be mere inert carriers for highly dispersed metal nanoparticles.…”

Pt nanoparticles under oxidizing conditions – implications of particle size, adsorption sites and oxygen coverage on stability

“…23,24 This phenomenon would have consequences for the exhaust gas catalysis. 25,26 Some of the hypotheses to explain this oscillatory behavior suggest cyclic oxidation-reduction 24,27 and reversible surface phase transitions of Pt surfaces. 28 There has been disagreement concerning whether the surface or subsurface Pt oxides are active.…”