The Electro-Mechanical Braking System (EMB) is an innovation in the energy supply and transmission of the brake drive mechanism. It provides braking energy with a motor and transmits the driver's braking intention with an electrical signal, and the actuator is still a conventional brake. The automotive electronic mechanical system is in line with the three major themes of safety, energy saving, and environmental protection, and is the development direction of the future brake system. Its research is still in the experimental stage, and there is still some distance from the product launch. Therefore, by comparing the structure and principle of the traditional vacuum booster and the Electro-Mechanical brake system, this paper analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages, and finally points out that under the current background, the research and development of the Electro-Mechanical brake system is still immature, because its structure is more compact and complex, it is more difficult to conduct simulation, and it still needs to increase research and development investment.