Automotive radar: A brief review

Automotive Radar — From First Efforts to Future Systems

“…microstrip, and integrated antennas were introduced only in the lower frequency range (10 GHz, X-band; 15 GHz, Ku-band); with higher frequencies, waveguide-based circuits and antennas were employed. The radar principle considered at the beginning [5], [6], [8]- [11], was based on a two-frequency transmission with phase evaluation for distance measurement [24] followed by pulse and frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) principles. Radar frequencies first were around 10 GHz or 16 GHz, resulting in reasonably large antenna areas for the required beamwidths.…”

Automotive electronics I: Smaller and better: Electronics may be the only cost-effective solution to the performance challenge of today's autos

“…There have been many proposals for the application of microwave techniques to automobile braking systems. 4 As part of the NHTSA/RSV program, Minicars, Inc., is providing a combined automatic radar cruise control and braking system.…”

Portable Microwave Radar Systems for Short-Range Localization and Life Tracking: A Review

“…Despite issues such as high path loss, higher operation frequency and smaller wavelength not only improving the sensitivity and resolution of radar systems, but also making radar systems further compact, radars’ applications have been extended from military to commercial areas. Researchers have been working on radar applications in through-wall detecting [ 7 , 8 ], indoor localization [ 9 ], driver assistance [ 6 , 10 , 11 ], and bio-medical applications [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], etc. Owing to the penetration capability of microwave signal, radar systems can detect human activities and vital signals behind obstacles, which makes it possible for earthquake rescues [ 16 , 17 ].…”