Automotive shredder residue (ASR) management: An overview

Cossu, Raffaello; Lai, Tiziana

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.042

Cited by 107 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 142 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…This was reflected in there being limited documentation of operating thermal plants using ASR. Workers in this area (Vermeulen et al, 2011;Cossu and Lai, 2015) who have listed both experimental technologies and full scale applications concluded that research was required to prove the long-term prospect of thermal treatment of ASR. The organisations in Table 5 were sub-divided into the capacity of their plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim is for an almost closed loop, with special focus on urban and industrial waste, to achieve a better balance and harmony between economy, environment and society. For a typical vehicle from the early 2000s it will produce after shredding between 75 and 80% metals (GHK/BioIS, 2006;Cossu and Lai, 2015). It also produces smaller fraction of between 20 and 25% of the ELV's mass, which comprises non-metallic and lower density materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heterogeneous and complex make-up means that it is difficult to separate with conventional sorting processes. Landfill disposal of ASR causes significant environmental problems (GHK/BioIS, 2006;Cossu and Lai, 2015) as it is used as daily landfill cover mixed with calcium carbonate (lime) to decrease leaching into ground water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal

Khodier

Williams

Dallison³

2018

Waste Management

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a b s t r a c tThe challenge for the automotive industry is how to ensure they adopt the circular economy when it comes to the disposal of end-of-life vehicles (ELV). According to the European Commission the UK achieved a total reuse and recovery rate of 88%. This is short of the revised ELV directive target of 95% materials recovery, which requires a minimum of 85% of materials to be recycled or reused. A significant component of the recycling process is the production of automotive shredder residue (ASR). This is currently landfilled across Europe. The additional 10% could be met by processing ASR through either waste-to-energy facilities or Post shredder technology (PST) to recover materials. The UK auto and recycling sectors claimed there would need to be a massive investment by their members in both new capacity and new technology for PST to recover additional recycle materials. It has been shown that 50% of the ASR contains valuable recoverable materials which could be used to meet the Directive target. It is expected in the next 5 years that technological innovation in car design will change the composition from easily recoverable metal to difficult polymers. This change in composition will impact on the current drive to integrate the European Circular Economy Package. A positive factor is that main driver for using ASR is coming from the metals recycling industry itself. They are looking to develop the infrastructure for energy generation from ASR and subsequent material recovery. This is driven by the economics of the process rather than meeting the Directive targets. The study undertaken has identified potential pathways and barriers for commercial thermal treatment of ASR. The results of ASR characterisation were used to assess commercial plants from around the world. Whilst there were many claiming that processing of ASR was possible none have so far shown both the technological capability and economic justification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal

Khodier

Williams

Dallison³

2018

Waste Management

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“…This evolution has involved a leap from 22 the old scrapyards to the authorized treatment facilities (ATF) (Cossu and Lai, 2015). 23…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EU generates among 7-8 million tons of ELV every year; and it is estimated that the total amount 30 of ELV generated in Europe by 2030 will reach among 14-17 million tons (Andersen et al, 2008; 31 Cossu and Lai, 2015). (10-40%), wood (2-5%), metals (8%), oils (5%) and other unidentifiable materials (10%) (Morselli et 36 al., 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of Automotive Shredder Residue

et al. 2016

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The present work has been carried out to verify the feasibility of thermal valorization of an 10 automobile shredder residue (ASR). With this aim, the thermal decomposition of this waste has 11 been studied in a laboratory scale reactor, analyzing the pollutants emitted under different 12 operating conditions. The emission factors of carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, PAHs, PCPhs, 13 PCBzs, PBPhs, PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs and PBDD/Fs were determined at two temperatures, 600 14 and 850ºC, and under different oxygen ratios ranging from 0 (pure pyrolysis) to 1.5 (over-15 stoichiometric oxidation). After analyzing all these compounds, we conclude that thermal 16 valorization of ASR is a clean way to treat this waste. 17

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Practical active traction control for independent‐wheel‐drive electric vehicle based on slip‐ratio threshold determination

Wang

Gao

et al. 2023

Asian Journal of Control

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The traditional traction control system (TCS) based on hydraulic braking only works when the wheels are slipping, which will cause the problem of slow response to extreme slip. In addition, the TCS of four‐wheel‐independent‐drive electric vehicle (4WIDEV) is often based on road adhesion characteristics identification or optimal slip ratio identification to implement active control, which is difficult to achieve in engineering. Aiming at this problem, a practical active TCS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the wheel slip state of the front and rear axles, the dynamic transfer of torque between axles is realized to maintain the vehicle propulsion power. Second, the adhesion conditions between road and tire are classified, and two sets of target slip ratio thresholds are formulated for high and low adhesion pavement, respectively. Then the current road adhesion coefficient is estimated by using the advantage that the in‐wheel motor torque can be obtained in real‐time. Thirdly, the overall framework of the control strategy is established, the logic threshold control algorithm is adopted for tracking the wheel target slip ratio. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed active TCS can improve the vehicle power and avoid excessive wheel slipping.

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Automotive shredder residue (ASR) management: An overview

Cited by 107 publications

References 142 publications

Challenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal

Challenges around automotive shredder residue production and disposal

Pollutant formation in the pyrolysis and combustion of Automotive Shredder Residue

Practical active traction control for independent‐wheel‐drive electric vehicle based on slip‐ratio threshold determination

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