Autonomic and Psychomotor Correlates of Premorbid Adjustment in Schizophrenia

Crider, Andrew; Grinspoon, Lester; Maher, Brendan A.

doi:10.1097/00006842-196505000-00001

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…(Crider, Grinspoon, and Maher, 1965;Donoghue, 1964; Higgins, Mednick, Philip, and Thompson, 1966;Reisman, 1960;Reynolds, 1965;Smith, 1961;Zlotowski and Bakan, 1963). Only two studies offered nonsupportive results (Klein, Cicchette, and Spohn, 1967;Schweid, 1966).…”

Section: Verbal Learning Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative interference and premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia.

Hirsch¹,

DeWolfe²

1977

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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The effects of associative interference on the verbal learning performance of male process and reactive schizophrenics and normals were studied using a mixed list with high and moderate interlist interference and new learning conditions. Schizophrenics made more errors than normals in the interference conditions but not in the new learning. Reactive schizophrenics made as many errors as the process group with high interference but significantly fewer under moderate interference. Process schizophrenics gave significantly more List 1 intrusions in List 2 learning than reactives or normals. Results support predictions from the qualitative differences theory of cognitive deficit more strongly than the theories of Broen, Chapman and Chapman, McGhie, Payne, and Silverrnan.

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Section: Verbal Learning Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative interference and premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia.

Hirsch¹,

DeWolfe²

1977

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Studies with physiological measures. (Crider, Grinspoon, and Maher, 1965;DeVault, 1957;Ward and Carlson, 1966;and Struve, 1966) all indicated R>P in response and the latter three studies found R:>-N~. A number of investigations using behavioral measures of response to external stimulation (e.g.…”

Section: The Process-reactive Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Benistein (1967) has s~ggested that vigilance for generalized environmental demands remains high in chronic schizophrenia, but specific infonnation input is reduced. The data from behavioral measures of perfo'rrnance in a variety of tasks, however, have quite consistently found the process schizophrenics to show signs of responding with minimal energy in their perfonnance and reactives to respond with a great deal of energy (e.g., Crider, Grinspoon, and Maher, 1965;Reisman, 1960;Reynolds, 1965;Smith, 1961;Zlotowski and Baken, 1963).…”

Section: The Process-reactive Distinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and physiological effects of examiner sex on process and reactive schizophrenics

McDonald

DeWolfe

1976

J. Clin. Psychol.

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In the physiological (polygraph) data, the sex of the E (ES) interacted with the sex of the patient (PS) or the patient's process-reactive status (PR) in only 1 of 16 analyses. Only in the heart-rate variability data was the ES by PS interaction significant (p less than .001). Sex of the E had an appreciable effect in two of the three measures of associative disturbance. The ES by PS interaction was significant (p less than .025) in the recall measure of instability of though processes, and the same interaction neared significance (p less than .06) in the multiword response measure of associative disturbance. It appears that the sex of the E should be considered in studies that use measures of associative disturbance and perhaps when heart-rate variability measures are used.

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“…Although the literature as a whole is unclear, some research (Crider, Grinspoon & Maher, 1965) has suggested that resting-level arousal is lower among process schizophrenics than among reactives. Thus it also seemed possible that the Broen-Storms model might be more useful in predicting the performance of reactives than that of process patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A test of the Broen-Storms theory of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia

et al. 1981

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Broen and Storms have developed a popular behavioristic theory t.0 explain schizophrenic thought disorder. It holds that thought disorder results from schizophrenics' having higher drive levels and lower res onse-strength ceilings than non-schizophrenics. As a result, the strength o r appropriate (usually strong) res onses is rivaled by that of inappropriate, ordinarily-weak responses. TI%, in Broen and Storms' the0 is the cause of disorganized, schizophrenic behavior. We tested several T y otheses derived from Broen and Storms' assumptions that schizophrenics Rave higher drive and lower response strength ceilings than controls in a paired-associates learning study. We did not find support for our hypotheses that schizophrenics would show better early-trials learning than controls, that a presumably drive-inducing threat of pain would enhance early trials learning in schizophrenics or controls that either threat of pain or schizophrenia would be associated with a low /earning asymptote, or that either the ositive or ne ative effects of pain would be accentuated in schizophrenics. %he results $id not support the theory. (1961, 1964, 1966) have proposed a Hullian theory in which cognitive deficit in schizophrenia is attributed to the high drive levels and/or low response strength ceilings believed to characterize schizophrenics. While high drive levels ordinarily would strengthen both appropriate and inappropriate responses, the low ceiling limits the strength of the appropriate, generally strong, ones to a greater degree than it does those of weaker, inappropriate behaviors. Thus, the high drive level tends to increase the strength of the weaker, inappropriate responses more than it does those of stronger, appropriate behaviors in schizophrenics. Disorganized, schizophrenic behaviors result. This ingenious, authors are indebted to $eresa Kucala for her contributions to this research. Broen and Storms

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Autonomic and Psychomotor Correlates of Premorbid Adjustment in Schizophrenia

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Associative interference and premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia.

Associative interference and premorbid adjustment in schizophrenia.

Behavioral and physiological effects of examiner sex on process and reactive schizophrenics

A test of the Broen-Storms theory of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia

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