Autonomic arousal in adults who stutter prior to various reading tasks intended to elicit changes in stuttering frequency

Bowers, Andrew; Saltuklaroglu, Tim; Kalinowski, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.09.021

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Participants were asked to press a number one through six to indicate their ranking (1 = “Extremely unlikely”, 2 = “Very unlikely”, 3 = “Somewhat unlikely”, 4 = “Somewhat likely”, 5 = “Very likely”, 6 = “Extremely likely”), after which the next word was presented. Similar methods of identifying stuttering-prone words have been applied in previous studies (Bowers et al, 2012; den Ouden et al, 2014). In order to provide the FS group with the same familiarization with the word-list, FS performed a similar ranking task, but were asked instead to rate each word on the likelihood that they have used it during the previous week.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sensorimotor Oscillations Prior to Speech Onset Reflect Altered Motor Networks in Adults Who Stutter

Mersov

Jobst

Cheyne

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Adults who stutter (AWS) have demonstrated atypical coordination of motor and sensory regions during speech production. Yet little is known of the speech-motor network in AWS in the brief time window preceding audible speech onset. The purpose of the current study was to characterize neural oscillations in the speech-motor network during preparation for and execution of overt speech production in AWS using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Twelve AWS and 12 age-matched controls were presented with 220 words, each word embedded in a carrier phrase. Controls were presented with the same word list as their matched AWS participant. Neural oscillatory activity was localized using minimum-variance beamforming during two time periods of interest: speech preparation (prior to speech onset) and speech execution (following speech onset). Compared to controls, AWS showed stronger beta (15–25 Hz) suppression in the speech preparation stage, followed by stronger beta synchronization in the bilateral mouth motor cortex. AWS also recruited the right mouth motor cortex significantly earlier in the speech preparation stage compared to controls. Exaggerated motor preparation is discussed in the context of reduced coordination in the speech-motor network of AWS. It is further proposed that exaggerated beta synchronization may reflect a more strongly inhibited motor system that requires a stronger beta suppression to disengage prior to speech initiation. These novel findings highlight critical differences in the speech-motor network of AWS that occur prior to speech onset and emphasize the need to investigate further the speech-motor assembly in the stuttering population.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Sensorimotor Oscillations Prior to Speech Onset Reflect Altered Motor Networks in Adults Who Stutter

Mersov

Jobst

Cheyne

et al. 2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…More recent studies have examined autonomic arousal in AWS in response to hearing stuttered speech and to anticipation of their own stuttering. Results suggested that in AWS hearing and anticipating overt disfluencies produces increases in sympathetic arousal (Bowers, Saltuklaroglu, & Kalinowski, 2012;Guntupalli, Kalinowski, Nanjundeswaran, Saltuklaroglu, & Everhart, 2006).…”

Section: Emotional Aspects Of Stutteringmentioning

confidence: 94%

How Stuttering Develops: The Multifactorial Dynamic Pathways Theory

Smith

Weber

2017

J Speech Lang Hear Res

257

153

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Purpose: We advanced a multifactorial, dynamic account of the complex, nonlinear interactions of motor, linguistic, and emotional factors contributing to the development of stuttering. Our purpose here is to update our account as the multifactorial dynamic pathways theory. Method: We review evidence related to how stuttering develops, including genetic/epigenetic factors; motor, linguistic, and emotional features; and advances in neuroimaging studies. We update evidence for our earlier claim: Although stuttering ultimately reflects impairment in speech sensorimotor processes, its course over the life span is strongly conditioned by linguistic and emotional factors.

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“…While behavioral studies consistently reveal increases in stuttering frequency and/or severity in AWS when speaking under anxiety-driven conditions such as a job interview [49], physiological studies of heart rate and skin conductance levels are mixed [50-53]. While some have reported no significant between-group differences in skin conductance levels between AWS and adults who do not stutter (ANS) [53], others have found significant between-group differences, particularly during anxiety–inducing conditions [50]. Differences in methodological and analytical procedures may play a role in these inconsistencies [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Emotion on Second Formant Frequency Fluctuations in Adults Who Stutter

Bauerly¹

2018

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objective: Changes in second formant frequency fluctuations (FFF2) were examined in adults who stutter (AWS) and adults who do not stutter (ANS) when producing nonwords under varying emotional conditions. Methods: Ten AWS and 10 ANS viewed images selected from the International Affective Picture System representing dimensions of arousal (e.g., excited versus bored) and hedonic valence (e.g., happy versus sad). Immediately following picture presentation, participants produced a consonant-vowel + final /t/ (CVt) nonword consisting of the initial sounds /p/, /b/, /s/, or /z/, followed by a vowel (/i/, /u/, /ε/) and a final /t/. CVt tokens were assessed for word duration and FFF2. Results: Significantly slower word durations were shown in the AWS compared to the ANS across conditions. Although these differences appeared to increase under arousing conditions, no interaction was found. Results for FFF2 revealed a significant group-condition interaction. Post hoc analysis indicated that this was due to the AWS showing significantly greater FFF2 when speaking under conditions eliciting increases in arousal and unpleasantness. ANS showed little change in FFF2 across conditions. Conclusions: The results suggest that AWS’ articulatory stability is more susceptible to breakdown under negative emotional influences.

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Autonomic arousal in adults who stutter prior to various reading tasks intended to elicit changes in stuttering frequency

Cited by 40 publications

References 71 publications

Sensorimotor Oscillations Prior to Speech Onset Reflect Altered Motor Networks in Adults Who Stutter

Sensorimotor Oscillations Prior to Speech Onset Reflect Altered Motor Networks in Adults Who Stutter

How Stuttering Develops: The Multifactorial Dynamic Pathways Theory

The Effects of Emotion on Second Formant Frequency Fluctuations in Adults Who Stutter

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