Autonomic arousal in cognitive conflict resolution

Kobayashi, Nobuhisa; Yoshino, Aihide; Takahashi, Yoshitomo; Nomura, Soichiro

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.09.004

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…First, during the anticipation stage, there was a nearly linear relationship between the integrated SCR and the probability of receiving a shock. This is consistent with a large body of data linking the magnitude of the SCR with arousal state that finds that the more likely an adverse outcome, the greater the arousal (Bradley et al, 2001;Bradley et al, 2005;Kobayashi et al, 2007). At the time of the realization of the outcome, we found that both the degrees of regret and rejoice were monotonically associated with greater SCRs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Neurobiological regret and rejoice functions for aversive outcomes

et al. 2008

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A decision maker may experience regret when a choice he makes results in a more adverse outcome than a different choice would have yielded. Analogously, he may experience rejoice when his choice resulted in better outcomes. We used fMRI to investigate the neural correlates of regret and rejoice where payoffs are in terms of a non-monetary medium. Incentives were created using painful outcomes in the form of mild electrical shocks to the foot and the possibility of avoiding them. We hypothesized that the neural response to a painful outcome resulting from an individual's choice would also reflect the degree of regret as measured by the likelihood that alternative choices would have yielded the same adverse outcome. Similarly, when an individual avoids a potential shock, he would experience a degree of rejoice that correlates with the probability he had of receiving the shock. For example, winning a bet when winning was unlikely, even if the outcome is the same, evokes more rejoice than winning when it was highly probable. Our results suggest that activation of a cortical network, consisting of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, left superior frontal cortex, right angular gyrus, and left thalamus, correlates with the degree of regret. A different network, including the rostral anterior cingulate, left hippocampus, left ventral striatum, and brainstem/midbrain correlated with rejoice. The right inferior orbitofrontal cortex, pre-supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate showed similar patterns of activation with both regret and rejoice, suggesting that these regions may be associated with surprise from the realization of relatively unlikely events. Our results suggest that distinct, but overlapping networks are involved in the experiences of regret and rejoice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Neurobiological regret and rejoice functions for aversive outcomes

et al. 2008

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“…When the body is threatened by an incoming dangerous stimulus, the SCR can be used as a measure of fear and pain anticipation (Armel and Ramachandran, 2003;Hägni et al, 2008;Guterstam et al, 2011). Furthermore, previous evidence has showed that SCR increases in response to affective stimuli (Armel and Ramachandran, 2003;Forgiarini et al, 2011), pain perception Williams and Rhudy, 2009;Romano et al, 2014b) and cognitive conflict (Kobayashi et al, 2007). In particular, here we adopted a protocol recently designed to elicit reliable anticipatory responses to the vision of threatening stimuli approaching the body (Romano et al, 2014a;Romano and Maravita, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dynamic expansion of alert responses to incoming painful stimuli following tool use

et al. 2015

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“…The initial study of established that this same cortical conflict region was activated when people gave biased responses in a classic reasoning task. However, more recently it has been shown in the cognitive control field that, besides ACC activation, the elementary conflicts also elicit global autonomic arousal (Kobayashi, Yoshino, Takahashi, & Nomura, 2007). In other words, at least in the elementary control tasks, the presence of conflict seems to be accompanied by visceral arousal, as reflected, for example, in increased skin conductance (Hajcak, McDonald, & Simons, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeling we’re biased: Autonomic arousal and reasoning conflict

Neys

Moyens

Vansteenwegen

2010

Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

127

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Human reasoning is often biased by intuitive beliefs. A key question is whether the bias results from a failure to detect that the intuitions conflict with logical considerations or from a failure to discard these tempting intuitions. The present study addressed this unresolved debate by focusing on conflict-related autonomic nervous system modulation during biased reasoning. Participants' skin conductance responses (SCRs) were monitored while they solved classic syllogisms in which a cued intuitive response could be inconsistent or consistent with the logical correct response. Results indicated that all reasoners showed increased SCRs when solving the inconsistent conflict problems. Experiment 2 validated that this autonomic arousal boost was absent when people were not engaged in an active reasoning task. The presence of a clear autonomic conflict response during reasoning lends credence to the idea that reasoners have a "gut" feeling that signals that their intuitive response is not logically warranted. Supplemental materials for this article may be downloaded from http://cabn.psychonomic -journals.org/content/supplemental.

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Autonomic arousal in cognitive conflict resolution

Cited by 48 publications

References 27 publications

Neurobiological regret and rejoice functions for aversive outcomes

Neurobiological regret and rejoice functions for aversive outcomes

Dynamic expansion of alert responses to incoming painful stimuli following tool use

Feeling we’re biased: Autonomic arousal and reasoning conflict

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