Autonomic Cardiovascular Control in Health and Disease

Abstract

Autonomic neural control of the cardiovascular system is formed of complex and dynamic processes able to adjust rapidly to mitigate perturbations in hemodynamics and maintain homeostasis. Alterations in autonomic control feature in the development or progression of a multitude of diseases with wide-ranging physiological implications given the neural system's responsibility for controlling inotropy, chronotropy, lusitropy, and dromotropy. Imbalances in sympathetic and parasympathetic neural control are also implicated in the development of arrhythmia in several cardiovascular conditions sparking interest in autonomic modulation as a form of treatment.A number of measures of autonomic function have shown prognostic significance in health and in pathological states and have undergone varying degrees of refinement, yet adoption into clinical practice remains extremely limited. The focus of this contemporary narrative review is to summarize the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular autonomic nervous system and describe the merits and shortfalls of testing modalities available.

Effect of left tilt of operating table during elective caesarean section on maternal haemodynamics and vasopressor requirement.

“…10 This can be explained by the brain-bridge reflex, according to which the increased preload on the left tilt causes atrial mechanoreceptors to stretch, which increases the heart rate. 18,19 In the present study phenylephrine was used to treat hypotension more frequently in patients with supine position as compared to left tilt position of operating table. In the study conducted by Mendonca et al there was no significant difference in the ephedrine dose required by the mothers in the tilt and the supine group.…”

Research progress on the improvement of cardiovascular diseases through the autonomic nervous system regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway

“…Pathophysiologically, ANS activation, including Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), serves as determinant within progression and recurrence of cardiovascular diseases ( 39 ). Both animal and clinical studies provide substantial evidence indicating that autonomic imbalance in cardiovascular diseases advances from vagal dominance in the early stages to sympathetic dominance in the later stages ( 40 – 42 ). The initial surge in sympathetic activity aims to maintain cardiac output.…”

Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the rate of cardiovascular hospitalization in Ganzhou city of China

“…So far, previous studies have shown that the incidence of CVD is closely related to over 300 types of risk factors (33). Among these, environmental factors have a greater impact on CVD, and the relationship between CVD induction and death and environmental climate factors is closely related globally (34).…”