Autonomic Cardiovascular Responses to Orthostatic Stress After a Short Artificial Gravity Exposure

Zhang, Qingguang; Evans, Joyce M.; Stenger, Michael B.; Moore, Fritz B; Knapp, Charles F.

doi:10.3357/amhp.4811.2017

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Different between the Evans et al (2015) and Goswami et al (2015b) studies was the increase in women’s cardiac output which was significantly greater on the AG day for women separately in the Goswami study but only as part of the whole group in the Evans study. Similarities between men and women in this study included increased orthostatic tolerance ( Evans et al, 2015 )and improved baroreflex activity ( Zhang et al, 2017 ) on the day subjects had previously been exposed to AG. Major differences between men and women consisted of decreased blood pressure ( Evans et al, 2015 ) and increased low frequency spectral power of blood pressure in men but not women following exposure to AG ( Zhang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As glaring as the lack of space-based information from humans who have experienced in-flight AG, is the lack of data from women undergoing AG during bed rest or immersion (wet or dry) studies. Acute responses to AG have been determined from healthy, normovolemic women ( Stenger et al, 2007 ) and from healthy women deconditioned by furosemide ( Evans et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ). However, there are no AG studies in women deconditioned by HDBR or immersion (wet or dry); the three simulations of space flight considered closest to actual space missions.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the sparseness of women’s AG studies, the majority of available data in the following section will come from investigations conducted by the authors. Since 1999 we conducted studies of effects of AG training on: ambulatory, acutely deconditioned (furosemide) and bed rest deconditioned men, ( Greenleaf et al, 1998 ; Evans et al, 2004 ; Stenger et al, 2012 ; Blaber et al, 2013 ), and on ambulatory and acutely deconditioned men and women ( Greenleaf et al, 1998 ; Stenger et al, 2007 , 2012 ; Evans et al, 2015 ; Goswami et al, 2015b ; Zhang et al, 2017 ). In studies conducted before 2007, we looked at effects of AG training (45 min a day, 5 days a week, over a period of 3 weeks) with respect to the ability of short bouts of AG to improve orthostatic tolerance over ambulatory, pretraining tolerance.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An additional report of autonomic responses to the AG exposure of hypovolemic men and women of the Evans study (above) indicated that mechanisms of improved OTL following AG exposure, also included increased responsiveness of the cardiac baroreflex to orthostatic stress (both men and women) ( Zhang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the effects of AG to improve baroreflex responsiveness in men and women noted above ( Zhang et al, 2017 ), we determined that AG exposure increased men’s low frequency spectral power of systolic blood pressure during the subsequent test of their OTL but did not change women’s. In that study we also determined that men’s resting blood pressure declined after exposure to AG, but women’s blood pressure was not different on the 2 days either at rest or during orthostatic tolerance testing ( Evans et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Gravity as a Countermeasure to the Cardiovascular Deconditioning of Spaceflight: Gender Perspectives

2018

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Space flight-induced physiological deconditioning resulting from decreased gravitational input, decreased plasma volume, and disruption of regulatory mechanisms is a significant problem in returning astronauts as well as in normal aging. Here we review effects of a promising countermeasure on cardiovascular systems of healthy men and women undergoing Earth-based models of space-flight. This countermeasure is produced by a centrifuge and called artificial gravity (AG). Numerous studies have determined that AG improves orthostatic tolerance (as assessed by various protocols) of healthy ambulatory men, of men deconditioned by bed rest or by immersion (both wet and dry) and, in one case, following spaceflight. Although a few studies of healthy, ambulatory women and one study of women deconditioned by furosemide, have reported improvement of orthostatic tolerance following exposure to AG, studies of bed-rested women exposed to AG have not been conducted. However, in ambulatory, normovolemic subjects, AG training was more effective in men than women and more effective in subjects who exercised during AG than in those who passively rode the centrifuge. Acute exposure to an AG protocol, individualized to provide a common stimulus to each person, also improved orthostatic tolerance of normovolemic men and women and of furosemide-deconditioned men and women. Again, men’s tolerance was more improved than women’s. In both men and women, exposure to AG increased stroke volume, so greater improvement in men vs. women was due in part to their different vascular responses to AG. Following AG exposure, resting blood pressure (via decreased vascular resistance) decreased in men but not women, indicating an increase in men’s vascular reserve. Finally, in addition to counteracting space flight deconditioning, improved orthostatic tolerance through AG-induced improvement of stroke volume could benefit aging men and women on Earth.

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Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cardiovascular Responses To Artificial Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Artificial Gravity as a Countermeasure to the Cardiovascular Deconditioning of Spaceflight: Gender Perspectives

2018

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Paving the way to better understand the effects of prolonged spaceflight on operational performance and its neural bases

Stahn,

Bucher,

zu Eulenburg

et al. 2023

npj Microgravity

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Space exploration objectives will soon move from low Earth orbit to distant destinations like Moon and Mars. The present work provides an up-to-date roadmap that identifies critical research gaps related to human behavior and performance in altered gravity and space. The roadmap summarizes (1) key neurobehavioral challenges associated with spaceflight, (2) the need to consider sex as a biological variable, (3) the use of integrative omics technologies to elucidate mechanisms underlying changes in the brain and behavior, and (4) the importance of understanding the neural representation of gravity throughout the brain and its multisensory processing. We then highlight the need for a variety of target-specific countermeasures, and a personalized administration schedule as two critical strategies for mitigating potentially adverse effects of spaceflight on the central nervous system and performance. We conclude with a summary of key priorities for the roadmaps of current and future space programs and stress the importance of new collaborative strategies across agencies and researchers for fostering an integrative cross- and transdisciplinary approach from cells, molecules to neural circuits and cognitive performance. Finally, we highlight that space research in neurocognitive science goes beyond monitoring and mitigating risks in astronauts but could also have significant benefits for the population on Earth.

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Orthostatic hypotension, falls and in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with and without type 2 diabetes

Beretta

Milan

Hoffmeister

et al. 2022

Journal of Hypertension

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Objectives: To evaluate the association of falls and inhospital mortality with the presence of orthostatic hypotension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The study also aims to identify whether the orthostatic hypotension assessed at 1 min or at 3 min can predict falls and mortality, as a secondary objective to identify the predictors of fall during hospitalization. Methods:We performed a prospective study with patients admitted to a university hospital. The risk of falls was assessed using the Morse questionnaire and the presence of falls was verified by the patient's medical records during hospitalization. The orthostatic hypotension was determined by measuring blood pressure at three times, considering as orthostatic hypotension the reduction of at least 20 mmHg in SBP or 10 mmHg in DBP. In-hospital mortality was consulted in the medical records.Results: Patients with orthostatic hypotension were slower on Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (12.26 AE 3.16 vs. 16.08 AE 5.96 s, P ¼ 20 s) and presence of orthostatic hypotension. After adjustments, patients with T2D and orthostatic hypotension had a 2.7 times greater risk of in-hospital falls and 1.54 times greater odds of in-hospital mortality when compared with patients without T2D and orthostatic hypotension. Conclusion:In this sample, sedentary patients and those with lower TUG had a higher risk of falls. The prevalence of falls was higher in patients with T2D. The association of T2D with orthostatic hypotension significantly increased both the risk of falls and the risk of in-hospital mortality

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Autonomic Cardiovascular Responses to Orthostatic Stress After a Short Artificial Gravity Exposure

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Artificial Gravity as a Countermeasure to the Cardiovascular Deconditioning of Spaceflight: Gender Perspectives

Artificial Gravity as a Countermeasure to the Cardiovascular Deconditioning of Spaceflight: Gender Perspectives

Paving the way to better understand the effects of prolonged spaceflight on operational performance and its neural bases

Orthostatic hypotension, falls and in-hospital mortality among elderly patients with and without type 2 diabetes

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