Autonomic Dysfunction in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in a Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

Nicolini, Paola; Ciulla, Michele M.; Malfatto, Gabriella; Abbate, Carlo; Mari, Daniela; Rossi, Paolo; Pettenuzzo, Emanuela; Magrini, Fabio; Consonni, Dario; Lombardi, Federico

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096656

Cited by 77 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…The LF/HF ratio has been used to reflex the sympatho-vagal balance or the sympathetic modulations. Although the meaning of the parameters are controversial, [19], most researchers still choose to use these indexes before more accurate ones are found [20, 21]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral and neural regulation of cardiovascular activity during mental stress

et al. 2016

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BackgroundMental arithmetic has been verified inducing cerebral and cardiovascular responses. However, the mechanism and sequential responses are still ambiguous. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of cardiovascular and autonomic responses and the related scalp positions that regulate the autonomic nerves system (ANS) during MA task.Methods34 healthy male subjects aged between 19 and 27 years old (mean age 23.6 ± 2.3 years) were recruited in. Electrocardiogram, impedance cardiography, beat-to-beat blood pressure and electroencephalography were measured simultaneously and continuously during the experiments. And the analysis of time–frequency, approximate entropy and Pearson correlation coefficient were adopted. For statistical comparison, paired t test is utilized in the study.ResultsThe results showed that mental arithmetic task increased heart rate (from 72.35 ± 1.88 to 80.38 ± 2.34), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: from 112.09 ± 3.23 to 126.79 ± 3.44; diastolic blood pressure: from 74.15 ± 1.93 to 81.20 ± 1.97), and cardiac output (from 8.71 ± 0.30 to 9.68 ± 0.35), and the mental arithmetic induced physiological responses could be divided into two stages, the first stage (10–110 s) and late stage (150–250 s). The high frequency power component (HF) of HRV decreased during MA, but the normalized low frequency power component (nLF) and LF/HF ratio of HRV increased only at the late stage. Moreover, during first stage, the correlations between approximate entropy of electroencephalography at Fp2, Fz, F4, F7 and the corresponding time–frequency results of HF were significant. During the late stage, the correlations between approximate entropy of electroencephalography at Fp2, Fz, C3, C4 and the corresponding nLF was significant.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that (1) mental stress induces time-dependent ANS activity and cardiovascular response. (2) Parasympathetic activity is lower during mental arithmetic task, but sympathetic nerve is activated only during late stage of mental arithmetic task. (3) Brain influences the cardiac activity through prefrontal and temporal cortex with the activation of ANS during mental arithmetic.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral and neural regulation of cardiovascular activity during mental stress

et al. 2016

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“…In patients with mild cognitive impairment, there is evidence of sympathetic cardiac autonomic dysfunction compared to age-matched controls with normal cognition [75•]. The finding of preferential impairment of sympathetic function has led to the proposed idea that there may be damage to the right insula because the insula plays a key role in cognitive function and regulation of the autonomic nervous system [76].…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Diabetes and Impaired Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment

et al. 2016

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Both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with reduced performance on multiple domains of cognitive function and with evidence of abnormal structural and functional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive deficits may occur at the very earliest stages of diabetes and are further exacerbated by the metabolic syndrome. The duration of diabetes and glycemic control may have an impact on the type and severity of cognitive impairment, but as yet we cannot predict who is at greatest risk of developing cognitive impairment. The patho-physiology of cognitive impairment is multifactorial, although dysfunction in each interconnecting pathway ultimately leads to discordance in metabolic signaling. The pathophysiology includes defects in insulin signaling, autonomic function, neuroinflammatory pathways, mitochondrial (Mt) metabolism, the sirtuin-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1α (SIRT-PGC-1α) axis, and Tau signaling. Several promising therapies have been identified in pre-clinical studies, but remain to be validated in clinical trials.

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“…Current studies about iron-related myocardial toxicity suggest that iron toxicity firstly damages electrical activity before myocardial injury. Atrial and ventricular dilatation, thickening of ventricular wall, marked increase in cardiac mass and fibrosis of cardiac conduction system may develop (11)(12)(13) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%