Autonomic effects of some scorpion venoms and toxins

Gwee, M.C.E.; Nirthanan, Selvanayagam; Khoo, Hoon‐Eng; Gopalakrishnakone, P.; Kini, R. Manjunatha; Cheah, L. S.

doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03726.x

Cited by 104 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Pathology has been attributed to the majority presence in scorpion venom of ion channel mediator activities (52,53). These neurotoxins are modulators of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, chloride channels, and calcium channels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein (VAMP) Cleavage by a New Metalloprotease from the Brazilian Scorpion Tityus serrulatus

Fletcher

Weninger

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We present evidence that venom from the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatus and a purified fraction selectively cleave essential SNARE proteins within exocrine pancreatic tissue. Western blotting for vesicle-associated membrane protein type v-SNARE proteins (or synaptobrevins) reveals characteristic alterations to venom-treated excised pancreatic lobules in vitro. Immunocytochemistry by electron microscopy confirms both the SNARE identity as VAMP2 and the proteolysis of VAMP2 as a marked decrease in secondary antibody-conjugated colloidal gold particles that are predominantly associated with mature zymogen granules. Studies with recombinant SNARE proteins were used to determine the specific cleavage site in VAMP2 and the susceptibility of VAMP8 (endobrevin). The VAMP2 cleavage site is between the transmembrane anchor and the SNARE motif that assembles into the ternary SNARE complex. Inclusion of divalent chelating agents (EDTA) with fraction , an otherwise active purified component from venom, eliminates SNARE proteolysis, suggesting the active protein is a metalloprotease. The unique cleavages of VAMP2 and VAMP8 may be linked to pancreatitis that develops following scorpion envenomation as both of these v-SNARE proteins are associated with zymogen granule membranes in pancreatic acinar cells. We have isolated antarease, a metalloprotease from fraction that cleaves VAMP2, and report its amino acid sequence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein (VAMP) Cleavage by a New Metalloprotease from the Brazilian Scorpion Tityus serrulatus

Fletcher

Weninger

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The combination of myocardial ischemia, excessive catecholamine effect, cardiac arrhythmia, and increased oxygen demand may result in acute myocardial ischemia and infarction. [1][2][3][4] Prazosin, an adrenergic alpha -1 blocker is most suitable in antagonizing the toxic effect of Scorpion venom. It reduces the pre-load and left ventricular impedance without rise in heart rate and rennin secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrospective study of outcome in patients with scorpion sting using prazosin with/without dobutamine

et al. 2015

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Introduction: Scorpion sting is a major public health problem in India with severe life threatening complications. Toxin can cause autonomic overstimulation leading to hypertension, arrhythmias and pulmonary edema with left ventricular dysfunction. Prazosin has been the ideal antidote for patients with mild to moderate envenomation. In patients with severe envenomation, dobutamine is found to be very useful to prevent morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was done on patients admitted from March 2011 to November 2013 with a history of scorpion bite and adults aged between 20-60 yrs were included. All the patients were subjected to grading of envenomation as mild, moderate and severe degree. Prazosin was given to all 80 patients and dobutamine was given to those who did not show response to prazosin. Results: Majority of patients were in the age group of 31-40 years followed by 21-30 years. Mean age was 31.23±7.23 years. Fifty four patients (67.5%) were male and twenty six (32.5%) were female. 28 patients had mild envenomation, 36 had moderate envenomation and 16 had severe envenomation. 83.33% of patients responded to dobutamine infusion in prazosin resistant cases in our study. Conclusion: Early use of dobutamine should be considered in patients with severe envenomation with left ventricular dysfunction to prevent morbidity and mortality. 2D echo has to be considered to assess left ventricular dysfunction and need for early use of dobutamine.

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“…70% of maximum concentration of venom in the blood reached within 15 minutes and time needed to reach maximum venom blood concentration is 101± 8 minutes in experimental animals, half life of intravenously injected venom is between 4 to 7 minutes and takes 4.2 to 13.4 hours for elimination from blood 2,8,9,11 .…”

Section: Scorpion Vaenommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple toxins may be present in the venom of a single species of scorpion capable to produce a potent synergic effects in victim. 3,4 Neurotoxins of scorpion venom content is highly lethal than neurotoxin of snake venom .…”

Section: Scorpion Vaenommentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Encephalitis- A Rare CNS Complication of Scorpion Sting

Ghodke¹

2017

jmscr

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Autonomic effects of some scorpion venoms and toxins

Cited by 104 publications

References 29 publications

Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein (VAMP) Cleavage by a New Metalloprotease from the Brazilian Scorpion Tityus serrulatus

Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein (VAMP) Cleavage by a New Metalloprotease from the Brazilian Scorpion Tityus serrulatus

Retrospective study of outcome in patients with scorpion sting using prazosin with/without dobutamine

Cerebral Encephalitis- A Rare CNS Complication of Scorpion Sting

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