Autonomic Factors in Hyperreactivity of Airway Smooth Muscle

Nadel, Jay A.; Barnes, Peter J.; Holtzman, Michael J.

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp030338

Cited by 18 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In this research, we initially investigated a possible influence of adenosine on the vagal components of bronchoconstriction, since histamine, by stimulating irritant receptors or the C-fiber endings [17], can induce an indi rect vagally mediated airway response in guinea pigs, involving the local release of ace tylcholine [18] and of sensory neuropeptides [ 11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine Enhances the Bronchocontractile Response to Histamine in Anaesthetized and Curarized Guinea Pigs through a Mechanism Partly Blocked by Hexamethonium

Breschi¹,

Nieri²,

Lazzeri³

et al. 1994

Pharmacology

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The ability of adenosine to potentiate the airway narrowing induced by histamine in anaesthetized and curarized guinea pigs has been investigated in order to establish whether it could be ascribed to a modulatory activity by the nucleoside at the neuronal level. Bilateral vagotomy, atropine (2 mg/kg i.v.), and pretreatment with capsaicin (52 mg/kg s.c. 6 days before the experiment) did not result in any significant protection against the enhancement provoked by the nucleoside of the bronchocontractile effect of histamine. On the contrary, the latter was significantly reduced by the ganglionic blocking agent, hexamethonium (10 mg/kg i.v.). Moreover, the effect of adenosine on airway responsiveness to histamine was not modified in animals treated with propranolol (1 mg/kg i.v.) or guanethidine (20 mg/kg s.c. over a period of 2 days). In conclusion, current data suggest that the purine is able, in our experimental model, to potentiate the bronchospasm induced by histamine by means of a mechanism mediated, at least partly, by non-adrenergic-non-cholinergic nerves not related to capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine Enhances the Bronchocontractile Response to Histamine in Anaesthetized and Curarized Guinea Pigs through a Mechanism Partly Blocked by Hexamethonium

Breschi¹,

Nieri²,

Lazzeri³

et al. 1994

Pharmacology

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“…The parasympathetic nervous system forms the predominant neural pathway in the airways and plays an important role in airway obstruction (Nadel, 1980;Partanen et al, 1982;Sheppard et al, 1983;Barnes, 1984;1986;1987;Nadel & Barnes, 1984;De Kock & Brandt, 1985). Receptors of this system can be divided into several subtypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization of muscarinic receptors in murine airways

Garssen

Loveren

Gierveld

et al. 1993

British J Pharmacology

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1 The effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists considered to be selective for Ml receptors (pirenzepine; PZ), M2 receptors (AFDX-1 16), and for M3 receptors (4-diphenyl acetoxy N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP)) were used to investigate the existence of muscarinic receptor subtypes in murine airways. Atropine was used as a nonselective antagonist. The effects of these antagonists were studied upon tracheal contractions induced either by EFS (electric field stimulation) or by application of an exogenous cholinoceptor agonist (arecoline).2 The muscarinic receptor antagonists tested inhibited arecoline-induced tracheal contractions with the following rank order of potency: 4-DAMP = atropine> pirenzepine = AFDX-1 16. The rank order of potency of the muscarinic antagonists used in inhibiting EFS-induced tracheal contractions was: 4-DAMP = atropine> PZ> AFDX-1 16. The pA2 values for these antagonists were similar when compared to the pA2 values determined in guinea-pig and bovine airway smooth muscle. 3 In addition to in vitro studies, the effects of inhalation of the different muscarinic antagonists on lung function parameters in vivo were investigated. Inhalation of 4-DAMP induced a decrease in airway resistance and an increase in lung compliance. In contrast, inhalation of AFDX-116 induced an increase in airway resistance and almost no change in lung compliance. Apart from some minor effects of atropine on airway resistance, atropine, PZ, and pilocarpine failed to induce changes in lung mechanics as determined by in vivo lung function measurements. 4 The results provide evidence for the existence of M3 receptors on murine tracheae that are involved in the contraction of tracheal smooth muscle. This is in agreement with other animal species such as the guinea-pig and bovine. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that in the mouse, M3 receptors play an important role in bronchial smooth muscle contraction and thus in bronchoconstriction. Interestingly we have also demonstrated that M2 receptors can play a role in bronchodilatation. Inhalation of an M2 receptor antagonist induced an increase in airway resistance whereas inhalation of an M3 receptor antagonist induced a decrease in airway resistance. It is therefore likely that an M3/M2 receptor balance plays an important role in the regulation of airway function.

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“…The efferent limbs of these reflexes are the vagal parasympathetic nerves which are excitatory and the sympathetic nerves which are inhibitory (see Nadel, 1980 for review; Widdicombe, 1986). The afferent impulses which 336 C. T. KAPPAGODA, G. C. W. MAN, K. RAVI AND K. K. TEO initiate these reflex changes originate from a variety of receptor endings such as those located in the airways and the lungs (Nadel & Widdicombe, 1962 a;Widdicombe & Nadel, 1963;Mills, Sellick & Widdicombe, 1969;Roberts, Kaufman, Baker, Brown, Coleridge & Coleridge, 1981) and in the reflexogenic areas of the circulation (Nadel & Widdicombe, 1962b;Kaufman, Ordway, Longhurst & Mitchell, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflex tracheal contraction during pulmonary venous congestion in the dog.

Kappagoda

Man

Ravindran

et al. 1988

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effect of pulmonary venous congestion on tracheal tone was studied in dogs anaesthetized with ax-chloralose. Pulmonary venous congestion was produced by partial obstruction of the mitral valve to increase left atrial pressure by 10 mmHg. Tracheal tone was measured in vivo by an isometric force displacement method.2. Tracheal tone increased by 63 + 03 g from a control level of 91-6 + 2-8 g when left atrial pressure was increased by 10-5 + 0-3 mmHg. This response was abolished by cooling the cervical vagi to 8 'C at a point caudal to the origin of the superior laryngeal nerves. Also, sectioning the superior laryngeal nerves abolished this increase in tracheal tone.3. Afferent activity recorded from rapidly adapting receptors of the airways increased significantly during pulmonary venous congestion. This increase in activity was abolished by cooling the vagi caudal to the recording site to 8-9 'C.4. Administration of propranolol (0-5 mg/kg) failed to abolish this increase in tracheal tone while atropine (3 mg/kg) did so.5. Stimulation of left atrial receptors without an increase in left atrial pressure and stimulation of right atrial receptors with and without increases in right atrial pressure did not cause any change in tracheal tone.6. It is suggested that pulmonary venous congestion is associated with a reflex increase in tracheal tone, the afferent limb of which is formed by pulmonary receptors discharging into myelinated fibres in the cervical vagi and the efferent limb by parasympathetic cholinergic fibres in the superior laryngeal nerves. The afferent receptors are likely to be the rapidly adapting receptors. This reflex may be of importance in the development of the respiratory symptoms associated with left ventricular failure.

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Autonomic Factors in Hyperreactivity of Airway Smooth Muscle

Cited by 18 publications

References 90 publications

Adenosine Enhances the Bronchocontractile Response to Histamine in Anaesthetized and Curarized Guinea Pigs through a Mechanism Partly Blocked by Hexamethonium

Adenosine Enhances the Bronchocontractile Response to Histamine in Anaesthetized and Curarized Guinea Pigs through a Mechanism Partly Blocked by Hexamethonium

Functional characterization of muscarinic receptors in murine airways

Reflex tracheal contraction during pulmonary venous congestion in the dog.

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