Autonomic nervous system activity and life threatening arrhythmias in experimental epilepsy

Mameli, O.; Caría, M. A.; Melis, F.; Severino, Claudia; Tavera, Carlos E.; Mameli, P; Mameli, S.

doi:10.1053/seiz.2000.0509

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In animal experimental epilepsy models, changes in cardiac rhythm have been elicited from both cortical and subcortical sites: the AMYG (in a kindling model) (248); in hemispherectomized rats (with penicillin-G induced thalamic and hypothalamic foci) (201); and with direct cortical stimulation of the marginal gyrus in cats (81). Regarding the insula, kainic acid injection into the rat right insula (197) increased blood pressure and heart rate and elevated norepinephrine levels in tandem with insular localized seizures.…”

Section: Insular Regulation Of Cardiac Physiology-the Clinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Insular Cortex and the Regulation of Cardiac Function

Oppenheimer

Cechetto

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

175

128

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Cortical representation of the heart challenges the orthodox view that cardiac regulation is confined to stereotyped, preprogrammed and rigid responses to exteroceptive or interoceptive environmental stimuli. The insula has been the region most studied in this regard; the results of clinical, experimental, and functional radiological studies show a complex interweave of activity with patterns dynamically varying regarding lateralization and antero-posterior distribution of responsive insular regions. Either acting alone or together with other cortical areas including the anterior cingulate, medial prefrontal, and orbito-frontal cortices as part of a concerted network, the insula can imbue perceptions with autonomic color providing emotional salience, and aiding in learning and behavioral decision choice. In these functions, cardiovascular input and the right anterior insula appear to play an important, if not pivotal role. At a more basic level, the insula gauges cardiovascular responses to exteroceptive and interoceptive stimuli, taking into account memory, cognitive, and reflexive constructs thereby ensuring appropriate survival responses and maintaining emotional and physiological homeostasis. When acquired derangements to the insula occur after stroke, during a seizure or from abnormal central processing of interoceptive or exteroceptive environmental cues as in psychiatric disorders, serious consequences can arise including cardiac electrophysiological, structural and contractile dysfunction and sudden cardiac death.

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Section: Insular Regulation Of Cardiac Physiology-the Clinical Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

The Insular Cortex and the Regulation of Cardiac Function

Oppenheimer

Cechetto

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

175

128

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Inflammation, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and epileptic seizure are conditions in which protons over-accumulate, leading to brain acidosis (Chu and Xiong, 2012). Several pathological conditions associated with acidosis are accompanied by autonomic dysregulation and bradyarrhythmia (Hotta et al, 2009; Mameli et al, 2001; Mameli et al, 2006; Saritemur et al, 2013); nevertheless, the function of ASIC in central cardiovascular control has not been explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for role of acid-sensing ion channels in nucleus ambiguus neurons: essential differences in anesthetized versus awake rats

et al. 2014

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Acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) are widely expressed in several brain regions including medulla; their role in physiology and pathophysiology is incompletely understood. We examined the effect of acidic pH of 6.2 on the medullary neurons involved in parasympathetic cardiac control. Our results indicate that retrogradely-labeled cardiac vagal neurons of nucleus ambiguus are depolarized by acidic pH. In addition, acidic saline of pH 6.2 increases cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by promoting Ca2+ influx in nucleus ambiguus neurons. In vivo studies indicate that microinjection of acidic artificial cerebrospinal fluid (pH 6.2) into the nucleus ambiguus decreases the heart rate in conscious rats, whereas it has no effect in anesthetized animals. Pretreatment with either amiloride or benzamil, two widely used ASIC blockers, abolishes both the in vitro and in vivo effects elicited by pH 6.2. Our findings support a critical role for ASIC in modulation of cardiac vagal tone and provide a potential mechanism for acidosis-induced bradycardia, while identifying important differences in the response to acidic pH between anesthetized and conscious rats.

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“…Seizures typically activate sympathetic nervous system, increasing the heart rate and blood pressure, although parasympathetic activation or sympathetic inhibition may predominate during partial seizures (2)(3)(4). Palpitations can occur without heartrate changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Vasomotor System Function in Idiopathic Generalized Epileptic Patients

Maghbooli¹,

Langroudi²,

Ghoreishi³

et al. 2014

tnd

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Objective: Autonomic dysfunction is widely recognized in both partial and generalized epilepsies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vasomotor response in patients with generalized idiopathic epilepsy using clinical autonomic function tests. Ma te ri als and Met hods: Hundred and twenty-four consecutive subjects including 62 idiopathic generalized epileptic patients diagnosed for more than 3 months receiving monotherapy and 62 matched for sex and age healthy controls were assessed in this case-control study. The evaluation of the vasomotor system was made using a questionnaire and autonomic function tests including cold pressor, Valsalva maneuver, mental arithmetic and hand-grip tests. Re sults: Abnormal score of the Cold pressor test was seen in 59.7%, Valsalva maneuver in 64.5% and 33.9% in mental arithmetic test of epileptic patients. These results were different significantly in comparison to control group. If abnormal hand grip test was defined as an increase less than 11 mmHg in diastolic pressure, there was found no significant difference between two groups of case and control, also a few people in control group was reported normal. When abnormality was defined as an increase in only one or none of the parameters of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure or heart rate, 43.5% in patient group versus 14.5% in controls had abnormal results with statistically significant difference. Conclusion: Vasomotor dysfunction assessed with cardiovascular tests was present in patients with generalized epilepsy. Further research on central and peripheral limbs in association with the breakdown of the system is required. (Turkish Journal of Neurology 2014; 20:126-131)

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Autonomic nervous system activity and life threatening arrhythmias in experimental epilepsy

Cited by 30 publications

References 32 publications

The Insular Cortex and the Regulation of Cardiac Function

The Insular Cortex and the Regulation of Cardiac Function

Evidence for role of acid-sensing ion channels in nucleus ambiguus neurons: essential differences in anesthetized versus awake rats

Abnormal Vasomotor System Function in Idiopathic Generalized Epileptic Patients

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