Autonomic responses to sighs in healthy infants and in victims of sudden infant death

Franco, Patricia; Verheulpen, Denis; Valente, Filomena; Kelmanson, Igor A.; Broca, A. de; Scaillet, Sonia; Groswasser, José; Kahn, André

doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(03)00107-2

Cited by 52 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Sighs are an important reflexive behavior (Bartlett, 1971) that function to prevent alveolar atelectasis, increase pulmonary compliance, and functional residual capacity, all of which are hypothesized to maintain lung volume and minimize the metabolic cost of breathing (Bartlett, 1971;Marshall and Metcalfe, 1988;Orem and Trotter, 1993;Hoch et al, 1998). It is also hypothesized that sighs are important in resetting respiratory and cardiovascular variability (Bartlett, 1971;Kahn et al, 1988;Franco et al, 2003;Baldwin et al, 2004). Importantly, statedependent changes in sigh rate that occur in natural sleep (Hoch et al, 1998;McNamara et al, 2002;Fukumizu and Kohyama, 2004;Qureshi et al, 2009) were similar to those described here under urethane anesthesia.…”

Section: State-dependent Modulation Of Respiratory Activitysupporting

confidence: 63%

State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

et al. 2012

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Respiratory activity is most fragile during sleep, in particular during paradoxical [or rapid eye movement (REM)] sleep and sleep state transitions. Rats are commonly used to study respiratory neuromodulation, but rodent sleep is characterized by a highly fragmented sleep pattern, thus making it very challenging to examine different sleep states and potential pharmacological manipulations within them. Sleep-like brain-state alternations occur in rats under urethane anesthesia and may be an effective and efficient model for sleep itself. The present study assessed state-dependent changes in breathing and respiratory muscle modulation under urethane anesthesia to determine their similarity to those occurring during natural sleep. Rats were anesthetized with urethane and respiratory airflow, as well as electromyographic activity in respiratory muscles were recorded in combination with local field potentials in neocortex and hippocampus to determine how breathing pattern and muscle activity are modulated with brain state. Measurements were made in normoxic, hypoxic, and hypercapnic conditions. Results were compared with recordings made from rats during natural sleep. Brain-state alternations under urethane anesthesia were closely correlated with changes in breathing rate and variability and with modulation of respiratory muscle tone. These changes closely mimicked those observed in natural sleep. Of great interest was that, during both REM and REM-like states, genioglossus muscle activity was strongly depressed and abdominal muscle activity showed potent expiratory modulation. We demonstrate that, in urethane-anesthetized rats, respiratory airflow and muscle activity are closely correlated with brain-state transitions and parallel those shown in natural sleep, providing a useful model to systematically study sleep-related changes in respiratory control.

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Section: State-dependent Modulation Of Respiratory Activitysupporting

confidence: 63%

State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

et al. 2012

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“…They speculated that the loss of short-range memory could be a predictor of a sigh. Franco et al [20] , studying the autonomic responses to sighs in healthy infants and in victims of sudden infant death, concluded that sighs could play a role in the regulation of breathing by resetting the autonomic tonus in conditions of autonomic imbalance, such as appear to occur in future SIDS victims [21] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of Sighs and Their Role in the Control of Breathing in Preterm Infants, Term Infants and Adults

Qureshi¹,

Khalil²,

Kwiatkowski³

et al. 2009

Neonatology

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Background: Although there is evidence that sighs are important to restore lung volume, the factors responsible for inducing a sigh and the effects of sighs on the stability of the respiratory system remain unclear. Objective: To compare newborn with adult sigh morphology in order to better understand the physiological mechanisms that induce sighs and the role sighs play on the control of breathing in infants. Design/Methods: We measured respiratory variables during control, the pre-sigh, the sigh, and the post-sigh period during quiet and REM sleep in 10 preterm infants, 10 term infants and 10 adults using a flow-through system. Results: No significant differences were observed in any of the respiratory variables between the pre-sigh and the control breaths in any of the subjects in any of the two sleep states, suggesting that indices of respiratory drive are not predictive of an impending sigh. Sighs were relatively larger in infants than in adults and had a characteristic biphasic inspiratory flow observed almost exclusively in infants. While post-sigh ventilation was usually increased in adults, it was usually decreased in infants due to the presence of apneas. Conclusions: The established indexes of respiratory drive are not predictive of an impeding sigh. When compared with control breaths, sighs are much larger in preterm and term infants than in adults. These big augmented breaths in infants are often followed by apnea and hypoventilation likely secondary to the increased activity of the peripheral chemoreceptors present in neonates.

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“…Furthermore, post-sigh events are proposed to distinguish between health and disease. Differences in the autonomic responses to sighs and post-sigh breathing behavior in victims of sudden infant death syndrome exist when compared to their healthy peers (Kahn et al 1988;Franco et al 2003). Sighs are altered by behavioral states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-sigh breathing behavior and spontaneous pauses in the C57BL/6J (B6) mouse

Yamauchi

Ocak

Dostal

et al. 2008

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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The purpose was to examine sighs and spontaneous pauses in regard to the stability of resting breathing in the B6 strain, compared to the A/J strain. A 5-HT 1A receptor agonist (buspirone) and a chromosomal substitution strain (B6a1) were used to further alter breathing patterning. Tenminute recordings of room air breathing were collected from unanaesthetized B6, A/J, and B6a1 mice. Despite no differences between strains in the magnitude and incidence of sighs, post-sigh apneas, the variation for duration of expiration (Te) after sighs, and the number of spontaneous pauses were greater in the B6, while Shannon Entropy (nonlinear metrics) for Te after sighs was lower in B6, compared to the other strains. Buspirone and chromosomal substitution eliminated post-sigh apneas and decreased spontaneous pauses. A greater irregularity and the lower complexity of post-sigh breathing in B6 are reversed by elements on A/J Chromosome 1 and by increased 5-HT 1A serotonergic tone.

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Autonomic responses to sighs in healthy infants and in victims of sudden infant death

Cited by 52 publications

References 43 publications

State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

State-Dependent Modulation of Breathing in Urethane-Anesthetized Rats

Morphology of Sighs and Their Role in the Control of Breathing in Preterm Infants, Term Infants and Adults

Post-sigh breathing behavior and spontaneous pauses in the C57BL/6J (B6) mouse

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