Autonomic responses to stress in Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

McFall, Miles; Murburg, M. Michele; Ko, Grant N.; Veith, Richard C.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90053-5

Cited by 172 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Prior studies found similar elevations in one or the other, but not both, of these hormones (Blanchard et al 1991b;McFall et al 1990). The differences may relate to stimulus intensity, because simultaneous elevations in both Epi and NE are seen in normals exposed to sufficiently stressful challenges, such as sky diving (Richter et al 1996).…”

Section: Responsivitymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Among psychophysiological measures, enhanced heart rate (HR) responses have been found consistently reported (Blanchard et al 1982;McFall et al 1990;Pallmeyer et al 1986;); whereas, enhanced skin conductance (SC) and electromyogram (EMG) responses have been mainly reported during internally generated mental imagery Pitman et al 1987). This response heterogeneity is not surprising, because the SC response reflects primarily sympathetic tone, the HR response is governed by both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, and facial EMG response reflects primarily stimulus appraisal, or valence, but not arousal (Bradley et al 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tonic secretion has been elevated in some studies (Kosten et al 1987); whereas, baseline measures were found normal in others (Murburg et al 1994b). Blanchard (Blanchard et al 1991a) reported enhanced plasma norepinephrine (NE) responses to traumatic stimuli; whereas, others (McFall et al 1990;Murburg et al 1994a) found enhanced epinephrine (Epi), but not norepinephrine, reponses. Although technical aspects of sample collection (arterialized vs. nonarterialized) and norepinephrine metabolism (Murburg 1994) could account for some discrepancies, stress studies in normals report good correspondence between epinephrine and norepinephrine responses (Richter et al 1996), which is yet to be demonstrated in PTSD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroendocrine and Psychophysiologic Responses in PTSD: A Symptom Provocation Study

Liberzon

Abelson

Flagel

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

254

142

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Section: Responsivitymentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Neuroendocrine and Psychophysiologic Responses in PTSD: A Symptom Provocation Study

Liberzon

Abelson

Flagel

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

254

142

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“…A number of studies (Pitman et al, 1987(Pitman et al, , 1990Blanchard et al, 1982;McFall et al, 1990;Orr et al, 1993;Shin et al, 1999) have investigated psychophysiological reactivity to trauma-related scripts in patients with PTSD. In contrast to the present study, most former studies found more pronounced heart rate responses in PTSD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We were not able to replicate the findings of larger heart rate responses to traumatic reminders in patients with PTSD. Heart rate differences in response to trauma-related imagery were found in combat-related PTSD in male veterans (Pitman et al, 1987(Pitman et al, , 1990Blanchard et al, 1982;McFall et al, 1990;Orr et al, 1993) and abuse-related PTSD in female patients (Shin et al, 1999;Carson et al, 2000;Orr et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological reactivity to traumatic and abandonment scripts in borderline personality and posttraumatic stress disorders: a preliminary report

Schmahl

Elzinga

Ebner

et al. 2004

Psychiatry Research

108

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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a highly prevalent and disabling condition linked to early stressors including traumatic abuse and abandonment. While much work has addressed traumatic events in childhood, little is known about the biological sequelae of BPD including how this disorder may be differentiated from other stressrelated disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate psychophysiological effects of different types of stressful reminders in BPD and in PTSD. Psychophysiological measures including heart rate, skin conductance responses, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to standardized neutral scripts, and personalized scripts of traumatic and abandonment situations were compared among subjects with BPD, PTSD and controls, all with a reported history of sexual andyor physical abuse before age 18. Significant script by diagnosis interactions are found for skin conductance and systolic blood pressure. No significant effects were found for diastolic blood pressure or heart rate. In the PTSD group the greatest systolic blood pressure responses were to traumatic scripts, whereas patients with BPD showed a tendency towards greater skin conductance responses to abandonment scripts. Our findings reveal only partially different psychophysiological responses to traumatic and abandonment scripts in PTSD and BPD. A divergence in pathophysiology in these two disorders is suggested that may be linked to childhood trauma. However, this interpretation must be tested in a larger population.

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Stress and the Individual

McEwen¹

1993

Arch Intern Med

2,887

247

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This new formulation emphasizes the cascading relationships, beginning early in life, between environmental factors and genetic predispositions that lead to large individual differences in susceptibility to stress and, in some cases, to disease. There are now empirical studies based on this formulation, as well as new insights into mechanisms involving specific changes in neural, neuroendocrine, and immune systems. The practical implications of this formulation for clinical practice and further research are discussed.

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Autonomic responses to stress in Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 172 publications

References 21 publications

Neuroendocrine and Psychophysiologic Responses in PTSD: A Symptom Provocation Study

Neuroendocrine and Psychophysiologic Responses in PTSD: A Symptom Provocation Study

Psychophysiological reactivity to traumatic and abandonment scripts in borderline personality and posttraumatic stress disorders: a preliminary report

Stress and the Individual

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