Autonomous and adaptive voltage control using multiple distributed energy resources

Abstract

This paper proposes a plug-and-play control method to coordinate multiple distributed energy resources (DER or DE) to regulate voltages in future distribution systems with a high DE penetration. Theoretical analysis shows that there exists a corresponding formulation of the dynamic control parameters with multiple DEs to give the desired responses. Therefore, the proposed control method has a solid theoretical basis. The method is based on dynamically and adaptively adjusting DE control parameters to ensure that actual voltage responses follow the desired outputs. Also, it is based on local and the other DEs' voltages without the need of the full system data and extensive studies to tune the control parameters. Hence, the method is autonomous and adaptive for variable operational situations, and has the plug-and-play feature with a high tolerance to unavailable or inaccurate system data. Thus, it is suitable for broad utility application. Simulation results from various conditions, such as asynchronous start of multiple DEs, disappearance of the original disturbance in the middle of the control process, and operation in looped distribution systems, confirm the performance, validity, and flexibility of the proposed control method. The possible impact of communication latency on the performance of the proposed method is also discussed.

Networked Microgrids for Self-Healing Power Systems

“…Similarly, the ratio and local target power exchange for reactive power can be defined in (4) and (5), respectively. In this paper, we assume the reactive power is generated by dispatchable DGs [23], [24]. However, this assumption can be changed according to the operation criteria.…”

“…Constraints (23)-(26) describe the power consumption of the controllable load. For example, if v = 1, which indicates load control is applied, constraints (23) and (25) are imposed, while constraints (24) and (26) become redundant. In constraint (27), when load is controlled, the associated state v is one; it is zero otherwise.…”

Demand side flexibility coordination in office buildings: A framework and case study application

“…(1) Demand side control, (2) Approaches in demand side flexibility coordination, (3) Pricing in demand side flexibility, and (4) Utility value considerations for participating buildings. (Heussen et al, 2012;Kosek et al, 2013;Wang & Martinez, 2014) Indirect Power Control (Aghaei et al, 2015;Ahmad Khan et al, 2016;Borsche, Oldewurtel, & Andersson, 2013;Good, Karangelos, Navarro-Espinosa, & Mancarella, 2015;Heussen et al, 2012;Khan et al 2015;Korkas et al, 2016;Kosek et al, 2013;Li et al, 2013;Lu, Wang, & Shan, 2015;Mekonnen et al, 2012;Missaoui et al, 2014;Moghaddam, Saniei, & Mashour, 2016;Ottesen & Tomasgard, 2015;Pouresmaeil, Mehrasa, & Catalão, 2015;Perez, Baldea, & Edgar, 2016;Safamehr & Rahimi-Kian, 2015;Siano & Sarno, 2016;Vivekananthan et al, 2014;Yanine et al, 2014) Building Control (Shaikh et al, 2014;Yan, Wang, & Xiao, 2012) Coordination . (Ampatzis, Nguyen, & Kling, 2013;Asare-Bediako, Kling, & Ribeiro, 2013;Badawy et al, 2013;Balta-Ozkan et al, 2013;Colak et al, 2016;Ding et al, 2014;Graditi et al, 2015;Kim & Shcherbakova, 2011;Kofler et al, 2012;Kovacic & Giampietro, 2015;…”

A Procedure to Determine the Droop Constants of Voltage Controllers Coping with Multiple DG Interactions in Active Distribution Systems

“…This problem is even more complex to solve in the absence of communication among DG systems [19]. Various solutions have been proposed to cope with mutual interaction by adopting more complex structures for the DG voltage controllers, as well as design methodologies based on Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) models, so as to account for the dynamic interactions among DG voltage control systems [20][21][22][23]. However, such solutions lose the simplicity of the voltage droop controller, which is already provided in commercial DG systems according to the standards.…”