Autonomous and Continuous Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Surface for Antibacterial Application through Enzymatic Self‐Propagating Reactions

Abstract

Stimuli-responsive polymer materials inspired by biological materials have invoked increasing research interest; however, they still suffer from limitations such as finite amplified responses and poor sensitivity of the unstimulated parts. Herein, a new strategy for creating H -responsive polymer surfaces that are capable of transforming specific local fleeting stimuli into global macroscopic changes is described. The introduction of self-propagating reactions into the polymer-surface systems endows them with excellent stimuli-amplifying properties and response of the unstimulated parts. On the basis of this design, a polymer and enzymatic reaction were employed to enable a specific response to a stimulus and then lead to macroscopic changes of the surface. It is further shown that the prepared H -responsive polymer surfaces can be employed for antibacterial application. This work provides a good example of achieving autonomously reconfigurable materials that respond to local fleeting stimuli.

Responsive and Synergistic Antibacterial Coatings: Fighting against Bacteria in a Smart and Effective Way

“…b) Schematic illustration of the preparation and work mechanism of a smart polymer surface with autonomous and continuous antibacterial ability based on enzymatic self‐propagating reactions. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, John Wiley & Sons.…”

“…Moreover, the released metal ions (such as Zn 2+ and Ag + ) were also useful for specific biological functions such as promotion of osteoblast proliferation and enhanced antibacterial activity, suggesting great potential application for bone implants. In another report, a self‐defensive antibacterial film without requiring additional stimulus and free of classical antibacterial agents was prepared by introduction of a polymer conjugated with glucose via boronate ester bond to a glucose oxidase–immobilized surface (Figure b) . Under bacteria‐induced acidic conditions, the film released glucose by undergoing a hydrolysis reaction of boronate esters in response to the increase of local H + concentration.…”

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“…Moreover, the objective of controlled release may not be the antimicrobial agents themselves, but the substrate that induces the production of antimicrobial substances. Ding et al (2017) designed a pHresponsive polymer surface containing boronic esters. In the developed antimicrobial surface, they proved that the release of glucose was due to the hydrolysis of glucose boronated ester polymer under H + stimulus.…”

“…Ding et al. (2017) designed a pH‐responsive polymer surface containing boronic esters. In the developed antimicrobial surface, they proved that the release of glucose was due to the hydrolysis of glucose boronated ester polymer under H + stimulus.…”

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“…Currently, antibiotics have expanded to many fields, such as breeding, agriculture, and sewage treatment . The abuse of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug resistance due to the accumulation of antibiotics in the environment, which triggers the mutation and evolution of bacteria. − In recent decades, numerous campaigns have been launched to counteract the increasing drug resistance of bacteria by decreasing the inappropriate use of antibiotics, − but limited progress has been achieved due to the extremely high dependence of modern society on antibiotics. Therefore, there is an urgent need for unconventional strategies to fight against bacterial resistance.…”