Autonomous vehicles: Willingness to pay and the social dilemma

Morita, Tamaki; Managi, Shunsuke

doi:10.1016/j.trc.2020.102748

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…According to the authors, a possible reason may be that Portuguese drivers attach considerable value to the pleasure of (manual) driving. So the $600 willingness-to pay as found by Morita and Managi (2020) might not be the actual lower bound.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The combined (negative) third effect can then be interpreted as (minus one times) the willingness-to-pay for enhancing car automation from the penultimate stage of automation to the final level of autonomy (self-driving car). To capture this effect, we relied on information of several willingness-to pay studies performed for various region and derived the following values [24]: $3,950 as of 2014 (Bansal et al , 2016); $3,400 as of 2015 (Bansal and Kockelman, 2017); $3,000 as of 2014 (Bansal and Kockelman, 2018); $1,400 as of 2014 (Daziano et al , 2017); $600 as of 2014 (Morita and Managi, 2020); and –€2,600 as of 2019 (Rodrigues et al , 2021). As regards this numbers, it is worth noting that they include the respondents expectations about the merits of self-driving cars in principle, so they include the expected benefits of letting the vehicle return home, parking elsewhere, circling around etc., taking into account to what extent they expect to make use of these options.…”

Section: Employer-provided Parking In the Presence Of Self-driving Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capability of empty self-driving cars to reposition only by means of destination or navigation input data is the most significant feature that distinguishes Level 3 from higher Level 4 automation according to the categorization provided by NHTSA (2013), respectively, Level 4 from Level 5 according to the definition in SAE (2016). Meanwhile, a number of studies are available deriving estimates of the willingness-to-pay for different levels of autonomy (Bansal and Kockelman, 2017, 2018; Bansal et al , 2016; Daziano et al , 2017; Morita and Managi, 2020; see also the reviews by Elvik, 2020 and Harb et al , 2021). The majority of studies found that, on average, households are willing to pay a significant amount for automation and most importantly, they would be willing to pay a premium to add the final stage of autonomy, i.e.…”

Section: The Role Of Self-driving Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Less workplace parking with fully autonomous vehicles?

Tscharaktschiew

Reimann

2022

JICV

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Purpose Recent studies on commuter parking in an age of fully autonomous vehicles (FAVs) suggest, that the number of parking spaces close to the workplace demanded by commuters will decline because of the capability of FAVs to return home, to seek out (free) parking elsewhere or just cruise. This would be good news because, as of today, parking is one of the largest consumers of urban land and is associated with substantial costs to society. None of the studies, however, is concerned with the special case of employer-provided parking, although workplace parking is a widespread phenomenon and, in many instances, the dominant form of commuter parking. The purpose of this paper is to analyze whether commuter parking will decline with the advent of self-driving cars when parking is provided by the employer. Design/methodology/approach This study looks at commuter parking from the perspective of both the employer and the employee because in the case of employer-provided parking, the firm’s decision to offer a parking space and the incentive of employees to accept that offer are closely interrelated because of the fringe benefit character of workplace parking. This study develops an economic equilibrium model that explicitly maps the employer–employee relationship, considering the treatment of parking provision and parking policy in the income tax code and accounting for adverse effects from commuting, parking and public transit. This study determines the market level of employer-provided parking in the absence and presence of FAVs and identifies the factors that drive the difference. This study then approximates the magnitude of each factor, relying on recent (first) empirical evidence on the impacts of FAVs. Findings This paper’s analysis suggests that as long as distortive (tax) policy favors employer-provided parking, FAVs are no guarantee to end up with less commuter parking. Originality/value This study’s findings imply that in a world of self-driving cars, policy intervention related to work commuting (e.g. fringe benefit taxation or transport pricing) might be even more warranted than today.

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Employer-provided Parking In the Presence Of Self-driving Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Role Of Self-driving Carsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Less workplace parking with fully autonomous vehicles?

Tscharaktschiew

Reimann

2022

JICV

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“…a conflict between individual and collective interest in the context of autonomous driving technology, illustrates such challenge. It has been reported that people approve and would like others to buy utilitarian AVs which sacrifice their passengers for the greater good, yet prefer to ride in AVs that protect their passengers at all costs thus disapproving utilitarian regulation of AVs (Bonnefon et al, 2016;Huang et al, 2019;Morita & Managi, 2020).…”

Section: Overview Of the Ethics Of Av Technology In Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical issues in focus by the autonomous vehicles industry

et al. 2021

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The onset of autonomous driving has provided fertile ground for discussions about ethics in recent years. These discussions are heavily documented in the scientific literature and have mainly revolved around extreme traffic situations depicted as moral dilemmas, i.e. situations in which the autonomous vehicle (AV) is required to make a difficult moral choice. Quite surprisingly, little is known about the ethical issues in focus by the AV industry. General claims have been made about the struggles of companies regarding the ethical issues of AVs but these lack proper substantiation. As private companies are highly influential on the development and acceptance of AV technologies, a meaningful debate about the ethics of AVs should take into account the ethical issues prioritised by industry. In order to assess the awareness and engagement of industry on the ethics of AVs, we inspected the narratives in the official business and technical reports of companies with an AV testing permit in California. The findings of our literature and industry review suggest that: (i) given the plethora of ethical issues addressed in the reports, autonomous driving companies seem to be aware of and engaged in the ethics of autonomous driving technology; (ii) scientific literature and industry reports prioritise safety and cybersecurity; (iii) scientific and industry communities agree that AVs will not eliminate the risk of accidents; (iv) scientific literature on AV technology ethics is dominated by discussions about the trolley problem; (v) moral dilemmas resembling trolley cases are not addressed in industry reports but there are nuanced allusions that unravel underlying concerns about these extreme traffic situations; (vi) autonomous driving companies have different approaches with respect to the authority of remote operators; and (vii) companies seem invested in a lowest liability risk design strategy relying on rules and regulations, expedite investigations, and crash/collision avoidance algorithms.

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“…At present, the industry policy for SAVs is gradually improving, and various groups in society have good expectations for the environmental protections and convenience it offers. A series of latest studies from multiple countries [3][4][5][6][7][8] have shown that people of different genders, ages, professions, and education levels have different major concerns (e.g., affordability, security, and privacy) of SAVs. Although this may affect the adoption, the general attitudes of the public to SAVs are positive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Renewal of Underground Parking Space in the Scenario of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

et al. 2021

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Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are a major development direction in international scientific and technological innovation. One of the most popular features of SAVs in the urban space is that they can significantly reduce the need for parking. The urban underground parking space (UPS) is currently the largest static traffic space, especially in high-density urban centers. Under the SAV scenario, the need for the renewal of UPS will increase in the near future. However, renewal of the UPS is difficult due to its special form features, which are greatly restricted by the external environment, thus necessitating targeted methods and strategies. This research first conducted field investigations and data collection on the spatial morphology and service conditions of typical UPSs in different areas of Hangzhou city. Based on the driver status response and the multi-objective attribute models, the time-series evaluation method and function replacement decision model for the sustainable renewal of underground parking were established. The research also discusses appropriate design strategies for the combination of spatial characteristics and functional replacement goals of typical samples. The conclusions will provide scientific guidance for the future design practice of architects and urban designers in SAV.

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Autonomous vehicles: Willingness to pay and the social dilemma

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Less workplace parking with fully autonomous vehicles?

Less workplace parking with fully autonomous vehicles?

Ethical issues in focus by the autonomous vehicles industry

Sustainable Renewal of Underground Parking Space in the Scenario of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

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