Autopercepción de la imagen corporal y prácticas para corregirla, en adolescentes de una institución educativa, Lima, Perú

Abstract

ResumenIntroducción. Durante la adolescencia, etapa de cambios físicos y psíquicos, la imagen corporal se reviste de especial importancia; su insatisfacción puede contribuir a realizar prácticas inadecuadas. Objetivo. Identificar la autopercepción de imagen corporal y sus prácticas para corregirla. Diseño. Estudio mixto, cuanti-cualitativo. Lugar. Institución educativa privada, distrito Miraflores, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Adolescentes hombres y mujeres. Intervenciones. Se realizó mediciones antropométricas de peso y talla, encuesta de autopercepción de imagen corporal, y entrevistas a profundidad y grupales a 108 adolescentes hombres y mujeres para la fase cuantitativa, y 48 para la cualitativa. Principales medidas de resultados. Porcentaje de percepción equivocada de peso o talla. Percepción sobre su imagen corporal y prácticas para corregirla. Resultados. En el estudio, 36,1% tenían percepción equivocada de su peso y 50,9% de su talla. Aunque más de la mitad de los entrevistados en la fase cualitativa tenía percepción equivocada del peso, mostraron aparente conformidad con su cuerpo; los que no lo estaban, manifestaban expresiones despectivas del mismo; ellos e incluso algunos conformes (n=30) realizaban prácticas como dietas, actividad física y usaban medicamentos para bajar de peso o crecer; sus padres y amigos influían en la decisión de realizar dichas prácticas. Las participantes de once y doce años no mostraron interés en modificar su imagen corporal. Conclusiones. Casi un tercio de adolescentes tenía percepción equivocada de su peso, y la mitad de su talla. Los inconformes con su imagen corporal realizaban diferentes prácticas para corregirla. Palabras clave: Adolescencia; Autopercepción; Dieta; Actividad física; Medicamentos. Abstract Introduction. Adolescence is a stage of physical and psychological changes; body image is of special importance and dissatisfaction with this can contribute to inappropriate practices. Objective. To identify self-perception of body image and practices adopted to change it. Design. Mixed quantitative and qualitative study. Setting. Private education institution, Miraflores district, Lima. Participants. Male and female adolescents. Interventions. In 108 boys and girls for the quantitative study, and 48 for the qualitative study, weight and height, body image self-perception, in-depth individual and group interviews were obtained. Main outcome measures. Percentage of misperception of weight or height. Perception of body image and practices applied to modify this. Results. In this study 36.1% had misperception of their weight and 50.9% of their height. Although most respondents in the qualitative study revealed misperception, they showed apparent conformity with their bodies; those who did not show conformity with their body, expressed scornful comments; these and others (n=30) used diet, physical activity and medications to lose weight or to grow. Their parents and friends influenced their decisions. 11-and 12-year-old participants were not interested in modifying their bo...

Comparison of Body Perception and Physical Activity in People Aged 20 to 49 in the Year 2023

“…(16) The self-perception of body image is a positive determinant of physical-sports behavior in men and women, which is evident in the present study and agrees with the research carried out in Peru with 108 adolescents of both sexes, when the interviewees claimed to carry out physical activity mainly to lose weight and stay in shape, as well as perform different practices to try to correct your body image. (17) The current study shows that people with body distortion report a higher intensity physical activity rating than those without body distortion. Moreno and Perea mention that the practice of excessive sports physical exercise can have a negative impact on the health of those who want to lose weight, and directly affects the perception of body image.…”

Psychopathological Risk Factors Associated with Body Image, Body Dissatisfaction and Weight-Loss Dieting in School-Age Adolescents

“…From an analytic epidemiological point of view, it is very relevant to point out that negative feelings and attitudes towards body image are significantly associated with a greater presence of social and behavioural issues, as well as emotional symptoms. In the three parameters that have been pointed out, the vulnerability of the female population is clearly a priority target because their indicators are more prevalent [13,15].…”

“…The capacity for directing prevention programs must be based on the identification and classification of risk profiles that depict the differentiating key factors. Thus, sex has been found as one of the most consistent variables in literature with evidence being found in different contexts [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The common factor in the conclusions of these papers is that female adolescents have a lower degree of satisfaction with their body image than that of male adolescents, with girls having an incorrect perception of their body weight (they see themselves fatter), showing greater obsession for slimness and having aspirations for BMI that are opposite to those of boys (higher in boys and lower in girls), all of which derives in a physical self-perception that is more devaluated and less attractive in girls.…”

Imagen corporal y conductas sexuales de riesgo en estudiantes de secundaria

“…En un contexto peruano, el estudio de la satisfacción de la imagen corporal presenta ciertas limitaciones, para ello resulta necesario comprender que los adolescentes están en constante cambio (Enriquez & Quintana, 2016); en esta etapa, el mayor porcentaje de adolescente sufre algún tipo de cuestionamiento respecto a su imagen corporal; posterior al mismo logran tener una imagen saludable para sí mismos, es decir, la aceptan (Instituto de Psicología de Lima, 2019). Un reducido porcentaje de adolescentes se queda con la idea que proporcionan los medios publicitarios y la sociedad en algunos sectores, en el que se transmite la idea respecto a que el cuerpo se puede moldear según sea el deseo (Solano, 2016).…”