Autophagy in Age-Associated Neurodegeneration

Metaxakis, Athanasios; Ploumi, Christina; Tavernarakis, Nektarios

doi:10.3390/cells7050037

Cited by 99 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 236 publications

(259 reference statements)

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“…Autophagy is a biological process associated with a variety of diseases, such as neurodegeneration and microbial infection . LC3 proteins are essential in regulating autophagy and the LC3‐II/LC3‐I ratio is related to the autophagosome number.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autophagy is a biological process associated with a variety of diseases, such as neurodegeneration and microbial infection. 28,29 LC3 proteins are essential in regulating autophagy and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio is related to the autophagosome number. In this study, we checked the LC3B level by both IF and WB; LC3B expression was found to be significantly higher in dental pulp with periodontitis (Figs.…”

Section: Higher Level Of Autophagy In Dental Pulp Of Teeth With Periomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Severe periodontitis may influence cementum and dental pulp through inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis

et al. 2019

Journal of Periodontology

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Background The relationship between chronic periodontitis and pulpal/cemental changes is seldom reported. This study aimed to report on the microstructural changes of cementum and histopathological features of the dental pulp in teeth with severe chronic periodontitis. Methods Eighty molar teeth with severe chronic periodontitis and 50 extracted third molars (as normal controls) were collected. The microstructure of cementum was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and the pulp was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐1β levels were examined by immunohistochemistry/western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1) levels were also checked. Caspase 3 expression and terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used as apoptotic indices, and LC3B and P62 were detected to demonstrate the level of autophagy. Results The surface of cementum showed irregularities; the dental pulp was inflamed and under oxidative stress. IL‐17 and IL‐1β levels were increased in the pulp of teeth with periodontitis. ROS and apoptosis levels were higher than in normal dental pulp, while SOD 1 level was reduced. Intriguingly, autophagy markers LC3B and P62 were upregulated in the pulp obtained from teeth with periodontitis. Conclusions Severe chronic periodontitis influenced the microstructure of both cementum and dental pulp. The dental pulp collected from teeth with periodontitis was inflamed, under oxidative stress, and presented increased levels of apoptosis and autophagy relative to normal dental pulp.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Higher Level Of Autophagy In Dental Pulp Of Teeth With Periomentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe periodontitis may influence cementum and dental pulp through inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis

et al. 2019

Journal of Periodontology

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“…The efficiency of these clearance mechanisms diminishes with increasing age, with the accumulation of toxic molecules and damaged organelles [43,44,45]. Aging is considered the major risk factor for the insurgence and development of many neurodegenerative diseases, as also confirmed by studies describing the autophagy reduction in aging CNS cells [46,47,48]. For example, mitochondrial complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) dysfunction is strictly correlated to the idiopathic Parkinson’s disease phenotype; similarly, injury of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) yields the Huntington’s disease phenotype.…”

Section: Brain Processes Involved In Neurodegeneration and Protectmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Neuroprotective Role of Astaxanthin: New Perspectives?

et al. 2018

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Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity produced by several freshwater and marine microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and microalgae. Due to its deep red-orange color it confers a reddish hue to the flesh of salmon, shrimps, lobsters, and crayfish that feed on astaxanthin-producing organisms, which helps protect their immune system and increase their fertility. From the nutritional point of view, astaxanthin is considered one of the strongest antioxidants in nature, due to its high scavenging potential of free radicals in the human body. Recently, astaxanthin is also receiving attention for its effect on the prevention or co-treatment of neurological pathologies, including Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In this review, we focus on the neuroprotective properties of astaxanthin and explore the underlying mechanisms to counteract neurological diseases, mainly based on its capability to cross the blood-brain barrier and its oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.

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“…The molecular mechanisms of age-related cognitive decline and AD are considered multifactorial and implicate the interaction of genetics and environmental factors acting as susceptibility factors or triggers [2] that promote brain injury accumulation due to their chronicity during ageing. Thus, several cell pathways play a significant role in the progression and development of the cognitive impairment such as transcriptional dysregulation, oxidative stress (OS) [3], inflammation [4], endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [5], and autophagy [6], among others. Recently, an increased understanding of the complexity of age-related cognitive decline has led to define the important role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Resveratrol Supplementation Prevents Cognitive Decline in Senescent Mice Offspring

Izquierdo¹,

Palomera-Ávalos²,

López-Ruiz³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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A variety of environmental factors contribute significantly to age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Nutrition can alter epigenetics, improving health outcomes, which transmitted across generations; this process is called epigenetic inheritance. We investigate the beneficial effects of maternal resveratrol supplementation in offspring. We feed females SAMP8 with resveratrol-enriched diet during two months prior to mating. Direct exposed F1 generation and the transgenerational F2 generation were investigated. Object novel recognition and Morris water maze demonstrated improvements in cognition in the 6-month-old F1 and F2 generations from resveratrol fed mothers. A significant increase in global DNA methylation with a decrease in hydroxymethylation in F1 and F2 were found. Accordingly, Dnmt3a/b and Tet2 gene expression changed. Methylation levels of Nrf2 and NF-kβ genes promoters raised in offspring, inducing changes in target genes expression, as well as hydrogen peroxide levels. Offspring resulted from resveratrol fed mother showed increase AMPKα activation, mTOR inhibition and an increase in Pgc-1α gene expression and Beclin-1 protein levels. Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors were found changed both in F1 and F2 generations. Overall, our results demonstrated that maternal resveratrol supplementation could prevent cognitive impairment in the SAMP8 mice offspring through epigenetic changes and cell signaling pathways.

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Autophagy in Age-Associated Neurodegeneration

Cited by 99 publications

References 236 publications

Severe periodontitis may influence cementum and dental pulp through inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis

Severe periodontitis may influence cementum and dental pulp through inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis

On the Neuroprotective Role of Astaxanthin: New Perspectives?

Maternal Resveratrol Supplementation Prevents Cognitive Decline in Senescent Mice Offspring

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