Autophagy in cancer: Recent advances and future directions

Ishaq, Mohd; Ojha, Rani; Sharma, Aditya; Singh, Shrawan Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.010

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…In case of nutrient paucity, cells can activate autophagy through mTORC1 inhibition [ 18 ] in order to guarantee cellular homeostasis and survival [ 34 ]. HK2 contributes to autophagy induction in conditions of glucose starvation by binding and inhibiting mTORC1.…”

Section: Hk2 Regulation: Where How and Whymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters

Ciscato

Ferrone

Masgras

et al. 2021

IJMS

137

103

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Hexokinases are a family of ubiquitous exose-phosphorylating enzymes that prime glucose for intracellular utilization. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the most active isozyme of the family, mainly expressed in insulin-sensitive tissues. HK2 induction in most neoplastic cells contributes to their metabolic rewiring towards aerobic glycolysis, and its genetic ablation inhibits malignant growth in mouse models. HK2 can dock to mitochondria, where it performs additional functions in autophagy regulation and cell death inhibition that are independent of its enzymatic activity. The recent definition of HK2 localization to contact points between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum called Mitochondria Associated Membranes (MAMs) has unveiled a novel HK2 role in regulating intracellular Ca2+ fluxes. Here, we propose that HK2 localization in MAMs of tumor cells is key in sustaining neoplastic progression, as it acts as an intersection node between metabolic and survival pathways. Disrupting these functions by targeting HK2 subcellular localization can constitute a promising anti-tumor strategy.

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Section: Hk2 Regulation: Where How and Whymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters

Ciscato

Ferrone

Masgras

et al. 2021

IJMS

137

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“… 206 However, autophagy also plays a vital role in the occurrence and progression of tumor. 207 , 208 In many types of tumors, including melanoma, breast cancer, and liver cancer, the expressions of autophagy‐related proteins light chain 3 and beclin‐1 in tumor tissues of patients with distant metastasis are higher than in tumor tissues of patients with non‐metastatic tumor, suggesting that autophagy is closely related to tumor metastasis. 209 , 210 , 211 Partly due to the heterogeneity of tumor cells, autophagy is a double‐edged sword in the process of tumor metastasis.…”

Section: Components and Mechanisms Involved In Metastasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

MedComm

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Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.

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“…And in the direction of molecular targeting, the development of potential biomarkers not only improves the early detection rate of CRC, but is also necessary for the development of drugs that can improve patient survival ( 9 , 10 ). Autophagy has been found to play an important role in cancer development and has been explored as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of malignancies ( 11 ). And because of the complex role that autophagy has in cancer, it makes deciphering autophagy crucial ( 12 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Correlation Study of Prognostic Risk Prediction for Colorectal Cancer Based on Autophagy Signature Genes

et al. 2021

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Autophagy plays a complex role in tumors, sometimes promoting cancer cell survival and sometimes inducing apoptosis, and its role in the colorectal tumor microenvironment is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in colorectal cancer. We identified 37 differentially expressed autophagy-related genes by collecting TCGA colorectal tumor transcriptome data. A single-factor COX regression equation was used to identify 11 key prognostic genes, and a prognostic risk prediction model was constructed based on multifactor COX analysis. We classified patients into high and low risk groups according to prognostic risk parameters (p <0.001) and determined the prognostic value they possessed by survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in the training and test sets of internal tests. In a multifactorial independent prognostic analysis, this risk value could be used as an independent prognostic indicator (HR=1.167, 95% CI=1.078-1.264, P<0.001) and was a robust predictor without any staging interference. To make it more applicable to clinical procedures, we constructed nomogram based on risk parameters and parameters of key clinical characteristics. The area under ROC curve for 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 0.735 and 0.718, respectively. These will better enable us to monitor patient prognosis, thus improve patient outcomes.

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Autophagy in cancer: Recent advances and future directions

Cited by 45 publications

References 166 publications

Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters

Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters

Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions

A Correlation Study of Prognostic Risk Prediction for Colorectal Cancer Based on Autophagy Signature Genes

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